本文關(guān)鍵詞：大規(guī)模RFID網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)讀取可靠性研究　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： RFID 閱讀器 防碰撞 密集模式 CNRC

【摘要】：在科技快速發(fā)展的今天，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)不再是新鮮的概念，而射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)也隨著物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展，在物流、定位、食品溯源等多個(gè)方面得到了更為廣泛的應(yīng)用。RFID是一種非接觸的無(wú)線通信系統(tǒng)，其通過(guò)射頻信號(hào)將附著于物體上的標(biāo)簽所承載的信息發(fā)送給閱讀器，從而完成對(duì)物體的自動(dòng)識(shí)別或追蹤等應(yīng)用。伴隨著RFID技術(shù)的發(fā)展，其相應(yīng)的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也日益得到完善，其中EPC global的C1G2標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在860MHz~960MHz的頻段得到廣泛認(rèn)可。 RFID技術(shù)的一大特點(diǎn)是其具有快速的多目標(biāo)識(shí)別能力，而與其它多種無(wú)線通信技術(shù)類似，由于受到無(wú)線信道頻率和時(shí)序的限制，在具有多個(gè)閱讀器或多個(gè)標(biāo)簽的系統(tǒng)中普遍存在著RFID碰撞問(wèn)題。在大規(guī)模RFID網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，信號(hào)碰撞的存在使得數(shù)據(jù)讀取可靠性受到極大的挑戰(zhàn)，本領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的科研工作表明，穩(wěn)定、高效且具有分布式處理能力的防碰撞算法對(duì)于提高大規(guī)模RFID網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)讀取可靠性有著重要的作用。 根據(jù)應(yīng)用環(huán)境不同，解決RFID碰撞問(wèn)題，主要可以分為標(biāo)簽防碰撞算法和閱讀器防碰撞算法兩個(gè)方向。RFID的標(biāo)簽防碰撞算法主要包括基于ALOHA的PA算法、SA算法、FSA算法和基于二進(jìn)制樹形結(jié)構(gòu)的SBT算法、BS算法、QT算法、CT算法等，另外還有多種基于以上算法的改進(jìn)方案被提出。RFID的閱讀器防碰撞算法則可以基于功率控制和中心控制分為兩大類，其中，較為經(jīng)典的基于中心控制的閱讀器防碰撞算法包括Colorwave算法、HiQ算法以及Pulse算法等。經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)閱讀器防碰撞算法前期的大量分析和研究工作，對(duì)大規(guī)模RFID網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)讀取可靠性問(wèn)題有了深入的理解和認(rèn)識(shí)，并基于此完成Colorwave算法的改進(jìn)研究。 論文在經(jīng)典的閱讀器防碰撞算法Colorwave的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了一種基于圖著色與非完全隨機(jī)退避的Colorwave閱讀器防碰撞改進(jìn)算法——CNRC算法。主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新內(nèi)容如下： 1.提出基于圖著色理論的CNRC算法輪內(nèi)色數(shù)初值確定方法。即在初始階段，基于基本圖著色理論，確定CNRC算法執(zhí)行色數(shù)初值，作為算法的輸入變量之一。 2.提出碰撞階段基于隨機(jī)生成數(shù)比對(duì)的閱讀器非完全隨機(jī)退避機(jī)制。即在每次嘗試傳輸之后，如果碰撞發(fā)生，閱讀器即刻分別產(chǎn)生隨機(jī)數(shù)，并進(jìn)行對(duì)比，令產(chǎn)生最小隨機(jī)數(shù)的閱讀器顏色不發(fā)生改變，而其他閱讀器正常執(zhí)行隨機(jī)退避機(jī)制。 3.提出增加控制信道作為閱讀器間Kick命令轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的專用信道。即在Colorwave的數(shù)據(jù)信道基礎(chǔ)上，增加了一條控制信道，作為專門用于Kick命令在閱讀器之間發(fā)送的信道。 算法實(shí)驗(yàn)部分，，在不同閱讀器密度環(huán)境下，分別對(duì)系統(tǒng)平均吞吐率和延時(shí)比性能隨系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行時(shí)間和閱讀請(qǐng)求發(fā)生率的變化完成了仿真驗(yàn)證分析，仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，在大規(guī)模RFID網(wǎng)絡(luò)所處的密集閱讀器環(huán)境下，CNRC相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)閱讀器碰撞算法性能更優(yōu)，數(shù)據(jù)讀取可靠性更高。
[Abstract]:In the rapid development of science and technology today, the Internet of things is no longer a new concept, and RFID technology with the development of Internet of things, in the logistics, positioning. Food traceability and other aspects have been more widely used. RFID is a contactless wireless communication system which sends the information carried by the tag attached to the object to the reader through radio frequency signal. With the development of RFID technology, the corresponding technical standards have been improved day by day. The C1G2 standard of EPC global is widely accepted in the band of 860 MHz. One of the characteristics of RFID technology is that it has fast multi-target recognition capability, but similar to other wireless communication technologies, it is limited by the frequency and timing of wireless channel. In the system with multiple readers or tags, RFID collision is a common problem. In large scale RFID networks, the reliability of data reading is greatly challenged by the existence of signal collisions. The research work in this field shows that the anti-collision algorithm, which is stable, efficient and has the ability of distributed processing, plays an important role in improving the reliability of data reading in large-scale RFID networks. According to the different application environment, the problem of RFID collision is solved. Tag anti-collision algorithm can be divided into two directions: tag anti-collision algorithm and reader anti-collision algorithm. RFID anti-collision algorithm mainly includes PA algorithm based on ALOHA and SA algorithm. FSA algorithm and SBT algorithm based on binary tree structure. In addition, a variety of improved schemes based on the above algorithms have been proposed. RFID reader anti-collision algorithm can be divided into two categories based on power control and central control. The classic anti-collision algorithm of reader based on central control includes Colorwave algorithm. HiQ algorithm and Pulse algorithm. After a lot of analysis and research work on reader anti-collision algorithm, we have a deep understanding and understanding of the reliability of large-scale RFID network data reading. Based on this, the improvement of Colorwave algorithm is studied. This paper is based on the classic reader anti-collision algorithm Colorwave. An improved anti-collision algorithm for Colorwave reader based on graph coloring and incomplete random Backoff is proposed. The main innovations are as follows: 1. Based on graph coloring theory, a method of determining the initial value of CNRC algorithm's inner chromatic number is proposed, that is, in the initial stage, based on the basic graph coloring theory, the initial value of the CNRC algorithm is determined to execute the chromatic number. As one of the input variables of the algorithm. 2. A partial random Backoff mechanism based on random number comparison in collision stage is proposed. That is, after each attempt to transmit, the reader produces random numbers immediately after each attempt, and compares them. The color of the reader that produces the minimum random number does not change, while the other readers normally perform the random Backoff mechanism. 3. An additional control channel is proposed as a special channel for Kick command forwarding between readers, that is, a control channel is added to the data channel of Colorwave. As a dedicated channel for sending Kick commands between readers. In the experimental part of the algorithm, under the different reader density environment, the performance of the average throughput and delay ratio of the system with the system running time and the rate of reading request are analyzed by simulation. The simulation results show that the performance of the collision algorithm is better and the reliability of data reading is higher in the dense reader environment of large scale RFID network than in the traditional reader collision algorithm.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TP391.44

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