本文關(guān)鍵詞：廢混合塑料精準(zhǔn)識(shí)別分離流水線優(yōu)化與仿真　出處：《天津理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 分選流水線 識(shí)別效率 調(diào)度優(yōu)化 系統(tǒng)仿真

【摘要】：我國大量的廢混合塑料造成的環(huán)境污染以及資源浪費(fèi)愈發(fā)嚴(yán)重。由于現(xiàn)階段使用的回收利用技術(shù)回收效率比較低,因此建立新型高效率清潔環(huán)保無污染的廢混合塑料分選回收利用方法具有重大意義�；贜IR光譜識(shí)別技術(shù)分選廢混合塑料制品是比較先進(jìn)的處理方法,現(xiàn)仍處于實(shí)驗(yàn)階段,目前仍缺乏將此項(xiàng)技術(shù)應(yīng)用于工業(yè)化流水作業(yè)的研究。本文首先對識(shí)別分選系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行初步設(shè)計(jì)。論文將塑料識(shí)別分選系統(tǒng)分為以下三個(gè)部分:分選識(shí)別設(shè)備,物流系統(tǒng),識(shí)別分選控制信息系統(tǒng)。運(yùn)用Plant Simulation軟件對單次識(shí)別分選線進(jìn)行建模并運(yùn)行尋找瓶頸工位。最后得出識(shí)別分選的效果與投料流的控制、裝置運(yùn)作能力和輸送帶的速度等因素相關(guān),是導(dǎo)致原型系統(tǒng)的瓶頸效率低下的原因,需對其進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。其次,本文對瓶頸工位中的關(guān)鍵部分進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化。文中針對廢舊塑料近紅外光譜識(shí)別分選系統(tǒng)中物料在輸送帶上的分布規(guī)律,以及輸送帶速度、物料分布均值等參數(shù)對識(shí)別效率的影響方式進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)方案設(shè)計(jì)和結(jié)果討論。結(jié)果表明:輸送帶行進(jìn)方向的物料分布均值呈正態(tài)分布,且分布均值遠(yuǎn)大于5件/m時(shí),總體方差不存在明顯差異;當(dāng)分布均值接近或小于5件/m時(shí),輸送帶速度變化對物料分布規(guī)律及分選效率影響顯著。根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果建立蒙特卡洛隨機(jī)數(shù)模型,針對四種不同尺寸的塑料對應(yīng)的分選精度得到識(shí)別率大于99%的系統(tǒng)效率優(yōu)化參數(shù)。文中對分選工位中的關(guān)鍵部件空氣噴嘴進(jìn)行詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)并優(yōu)化。分析了分選物在考慮空氣阻力下的運(yùn)動(dòng)模式,建立了分選物落點(diǎn)與初始速度的關(guān)系,并確定分選邊界等參數(shù)。運(yùn)用Fluent軟件中Realizable k-ε模型對空氣噴嘴各尺寸參數(shù)進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬分析,討論其對分選物落點(diǎn)以及分選精度的影響。結(jié)果表明:分選物落點(diǎn)水平位移隨入口流速增大,隨管徑增大而明顯增加,分選精度隨之提高。管長和收縮角對分選精度有復(fù)雜影響。最后確定了管長為20mm,收縮角為5°時(shí),分選精度最高。文中對分選模式和料倉設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化并進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:縱向噴吹分選法總體優(yōu)于自由落體和側(cè)向噴吹兩種方法。因此原型系統(tǒng)的分選工位采用縱向噴吹分選法;料倉設(shè)計(jì)適合小體積塑料制品的分選作業(yè),對小體積(PET)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)塑料瓶和塑料碎片分選具有很高的正確率,超過1L的中空塑料瓶需經(jīng)過壓扁工序后分選正確率明顯提高。最后對分選流水線混流調(diào)度進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。首先對分選的順序以及設(shè)備布局進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,由若干個(gè)單次識(shí)別分選工位組成,各工位間通過軌道以及輸送帶相連。對輸送帶速度以及輸送小車的速度進(jìn)行了模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)分析并選取了最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合。結(jié)果表明:經(jīng)過瓶頸的優(yōu)化以及非瓶頸中的物流調(diào)度優(yōu)化后,識(shí)別與分選工位負(fù)荷得到了有效的平衡,工位超負(fù)荷運(yùn)作狀態(tài)與空閑狀態(tài)的時(shí)間大幅減少,提高了平均資源利用率,分選流水線整體性能得到很大提高。
[Abstract]:A large number of China's waste plastic mixture caused by environmental pollution and waste of resources become more and more serious. The recycling technology is currently using relatively low efficiency, waste plastic mixture separation and recovery so as to establish new high-efficiency clean utilization method is of great significance. Based on NIR spectrum identification technology separation of waste plastics is mixed processing method the more advanced, we are still in the experimental stage, there is still a lack of the research of this technology applied to industrial production. This paper first carries on the preliminary design of the sorting system. The identification of plastic sorting and recognition system is divided into the following three parts: sorting equipment, logistics system, sorting and recognition of control information system using Plant Simulation software. Modeling of the single recognition sorting line and run for bottleneck stations. Finally identify the separation effect and the feeding flow Control device, operation ability and the speed of the conveyor belt and other factors, is the cause of the bottleneck of low efficiency of the prototype system, it is necessary to optimize the design. Secondly, the design and optimization of the key part of the bottleneck in this paper. According to the distribution of material waste plastics near infrared spectra identification and sorting system in the conveyor belt, and the speed of the conveyor belt, influence of material parameters on the distribution of the mean recognition efficiency of the experimental design and results are discussed. The results show that the material distribution mean was the normal distribution with the direction of travel, and the distribution of mean is far greater than 5 /m, the overall variance is not significantly different when the distribution; the mean close to or less than 5 /m, the speed of the conveyor belt changes significantly affect the law of material distribution and separation efficiency. According to the experimental results of Monte Carlo random number model of four kinds of needle The sorting accuracy corresponding with the size of the plastic by parameter optimization of system efficiency recognition rate is more than 99%. The key components of the sorting station in the detailed design and optimization of air nozzle. Analyzed in consideration of sorting movement patterns of air drag, to establish the relationship between the impact and the initial velocity of the material sorting, sorting and determining the boundary other parameters. Using the Realizable k- model in Fluent software numerical simulation analysis on air nozzle parameters were discussed, the sorting of object placement and sorting accuracy. The results show that the horizontal displacement increases with the separation material placement entrance velocity, and increased as the diameter increases, the separation accuracy is increased. The length and angle of contraction the sorting accuracy has complex effect. The length is 20mm, the contraction angle is 5 degrees, sorting the highest accuracy. Real separation mode and optimization and the silo design Verified, the experimental results show that the longitudinal injection of two methods of blowing separation method is better than that of free fall and lateral jet. So the sorting station prototype system using vertical jet separation method; silo design for sorting operation of small volume of plastic products, the small volume (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) plastic bottles and plastic debris separation has a high accuracy, hollow plastic bottles more than 1L after flattening after sorting correct rate increased. At the end of the sorting line scheduling optimization. Firstly, Francis of sorting order and optimization of equipment layout, is composed of a plurality of single recognition sorting stations, each station. The track and the conveyer belt is connected. The speed of the conveyor belt and conveying speed of car simulation experiments conducted to analyze and select the optimal parameters. The results showed that after the bottleneck and non bottleneck in optimization After the optimization of logistics scheduling, the load balance between identification and sorting is effectively balanced, the time of overload operation and idle state is greatly reduced, the average resource utilization is increased, and the overall performance of the sorting pipeline is greatly improved.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X705

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