本文選題：生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù) + 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值評(píng)估��； 參考：《新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：本文以國(guó)內(nèi)外生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)類型及價(jià)值評(píng)估、人類行為對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值的影響、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗等研究主題進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)梳理，同時(shí)開展旅游環(huán)境影響問題相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)分析，確立了研究選題和思路后，在對(duì)研究區(qū)自然地理和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件充分調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上，以大喀納斯旅游區(qū)為實(shí)證點(diǎn)，采用影像數(shù)據(jù)的遙感解譯、研究區(qū)旅游發(fā)展實(shí)地調(diào)研與居民入戶訪談等方法，借助生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗評(píng)估模型，從供給與消耗兩個(gè)層面，對(duì)以自然保護(hù)區(qū)為核心進(jìn)行旅游開發(fā)后的實(shí)證區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)開展研究。主要研究結(jié)果如下： （1）基于人類需求的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值評(píng)估指標(biāo)框架及其價(jià)值評(píng)估。研究分析了大喀納斯旅游區(qū)森林、草地、冰川-湖泊-河流、城鎮(zhèn)鄉(xiāng)村、荒漠等類型生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)特征及其所提供的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)類型，基于人類需要角度進(jìn)行整合形成研究區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)分類體系；通過遙感手段獲得研究區(qū)整體及主體旅游區(qū)各地類數(shù)據(jù)資料；利用2007年中國(guó)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值當(dāng)量因子評(píng)估研究區(qū)整體及主體旅游區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值。由評(píng)估結(jié)果可知，研究區(qū)整體及主體旅游區(qū)2009年生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值總額分別為人民幣7.7123E+10元和1.1812E+10元；各類型的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)中物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)服務(wù)價(jià)值分別占9.05%和9.36%，，生態(tài)安全維護(hù)服務(wù)價(jià)值分別占83.31%和83.05%，景觀文化承載服務(wù)價(jià)值分別占7.64%和7.59%；提供服務(wù)的不同生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中森林生態(tài)服務(wù)價(jià)值占總服務(wù)價(jià)值分別為50.94%和57.69%；草地生態(tài)服務(wù)價(jià)值占總服務(wù)價(jià)值分別為43.03%和36.14%；湖泊河流等水體的生態(tài)服務(wù)占總服務(wù)價(jià)值分別為5.04%和5.86%；荒漠生態(tài)服務(wù)價(jià)值占總服務(wù)價(jià)值分別為1.00%和0.30%。比較而言，單位面積生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值量主體旅游區(qū)大于總體區(qū)域。 （2）居民生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗測(cè)算指標(biāo)框架及其消耗研究。在研究區(qū)居民成分及活動(dòng)特點(diǎn)調(diào)研基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合統(tǒng)計(jì)資料數(shù)據(jù)開展當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裆鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗及其特征研究。結(jié)果表明，研究區(qū)2010年居民總體生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗達(dá)4.36E+19sej，其中村民生產(chǎn)型生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗所占比例最大，占總消耗量的68.2%。從構(gòu)成來看，物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品和生態(tài)安全維護(hù)兩類生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)中居民物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗比重最大，達(dá)到總消耗水平的80.77%；物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品服務(wù)中生產(chǎn)資料生產(chǎn)的消耗水平最高，生態(tài)安全維護(hù)服務(wù)中大氣安全的消耗量所占比重較大。研究區(qū)三類居民中村民的生活型消耗水平最高，達(dá)90.67%。在不同生活型消耗項(xiàng)目中食物消耗水平是最高的，占總消耗的39.70%。 （3）游客生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗結(jié)構(gòu)框架及其消耗量測(cè)算。通過旅游交通、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施及接待設(shè)施建設(shè)等數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查分析，開展游客食、住、行、游、購(gòu)、娛、廢棄物處理七類活動(dòng)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗分析，計(jì)量測(cè)算游客2010年生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗。從總量上來看，游客2010年生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗總量為2.54E+19sej。從消耗構(gòu)成上看，游客餐飲、住宿、旅游交通、游覽、旅游娛樂、廢棄物處理等旅游活動(dòng)中餐飲活動(dòng)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗水平最高，占總消耗的46.48%，其次為游憩活動(dòng)的消耗水平，占總消耗量的27.76%。應(yīng)引起關(guān)注的還有廢棄物處理的消耗占總消耗的9.84%。從類型看，游客物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品類生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的消耗比重最大，占總消耗的44.52%，此類服務(wù)中又以食物消耗所占比重最大。生態(tài)安全維護(hù)類生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗占總消耗的比重為27.72%，此類服務(wù)中CO2固定和廢物吸收處理所占比重較大。 （4）研究區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)負(fù)荷狀況分析。借用相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)指標(biāo)，通過比較討論研究區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)負(fù)荷狀況。主要研究結(jié)果是主體旅游區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的負(fù)荷能力系數(shù)為15.53，表明研究區(qū)2010年處于生態(tài)盈余狀態(tài)；游客的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)日人均消耗是村民的2.64倍，表明游客個(gè)體單位時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)本區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)影響更大；旅游季研究區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)總消耗量達(dá)4.77E+19sej，是非旅游季其間總消耗量的1.93倍。 （5）研究區(qū)村民生計(jì)與其生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗的關(guān)系研究。將研究區(qū)居民消耗中的村民消耗數(shù)據(jù)與村民生計(jì)問題調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)相結(jié)合，闡明村民生計(jì)資本、生計(jì)策略特征的同時(shí)，討論不同生計(jì)策略、生計(jì)資本水平、不同空間和類型條件下村民生產(chǎn)型、生活型生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗特征。村民生計(jì)資本與生計(jì)策略的調(diào)查分析結(jié)果表明，研究區(qū)村民生計(jì)資本總體水平值為0.249，低于0.5的中間狀態(tài)，各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)中僅人力資本指標(biāo)值高于0.5，其他四類指標(biāo)值均小于0.5，其中物質(zhì)資本在五類資本中水平最低，自然資本水平也處于較低狀態(tài)。村民生計(jì)策略根據(jù)其收入來源及勞動(dòng)力投入等條件分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)可分為參與旅游業(yè)型、畜牧業(yè)型、旅游畜牧兼業(yè)型、其他非農(nóng)牧業(yè)型四種類型。不同生計(jì)策略、不同生計(jì)資本水平、不同空間和類型條件下村民總生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)及生產(chǎn)型和生活型消耗的特征及相互關(guān)系分析方面，對(duì)村民家庭總體消耗狀況研究結(jié)果表明村民總的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗中生活型所占比重最大；村民空間分布因素對(duì)其生態(tài)消耗無顯著影響，而村民類型是影響其生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗的因素；村民生計(jì)資本類型變量對(duì)其家庭的三類生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗都有影響，兩類變量接近線性關(guān)系；村民生計(jì)策略變量是影響其家庭生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗的因素，其中生計(jì)策略對(duì)村民生產(chǎn)型生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗的影響最大，但兩類變量線性關(guān)系不明顯。對(duì)村民家庭生產(chǎn)型和生活型生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗研究結(jié)果表明，村民類型對(duì)其干草和水的生產(chǎn)型消耗有影響，村民空間分布對(duì)其生產(chǎn)型消耗水平影響不大。村民的生計(jì)資本和生計(jì)策略類型是影響村民干草和水兩類生產(chǎn)型消耗的因素。不同村民類型對(duì)其生活型生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗項(xiàng)目均有影響，但線性關(guān)系不顯著。而村民空間分布特征對(duì)其生活型消耗影響不顯著。村民生計(jì)資本類型及生計(jì)策略類型不同，其各類生活型生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)消耗項(xiàng)目均值水平差異顯著，其中生計(jì)資本類型的影響程度較大，但兩類自變量與因變量的線性關(guān)系擬合度較差。 （6）以自然保護(hù)區(qū)為核心進(jìn)行旅游開發(fā)的區(qū)域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)合理消耗的管理建議。從居民環(huán)境意識(shí)、旅游區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、村民生計(jì)改善、游客管理等方面探討研究區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)合理消耗的管理路徑。
[Abstract]:Based on the types of ecosystem services and value assessment at home and abroad, the impact of human behavior on the value of ecosystem services, the consumption of ecosystem services and other research topics are reviewed, and the related literature analysis of the environmental impact of tourism is carried out. On the basis of full investigation and research, taking the Kanas tourism area as an empirical point, using remote sensing interpretation of image data, the field investigation of tourism development in the study area and the residents' household interview and other methods, with the help of the ecosystem service value and the ecosystem service consumption assessment model, from two levels of supply and consumption, the core of the nature reserve is the core. After the development of tourism, the research on ecosystem services in the demonstration area is carried out. The main findings are as follows:
(1) the evaluation index frame and value evaluation of ecosystem service value based on human needs. The structure characteristics of forest, grassland, glacier lake river, urban village, desert and other types of ecosystem services in Kanas tourism area are studied and analyzed. Regional ecosystem services classification system; data from the whole and the main tourist areas through remote sensing, and the evaluation of the ecosystem service value of the whole and the main tourist area by the value equivalent factor of China's ecosystem service in 2007. The overall and main tourist area of the study area is known by the evaluation results. The whole and the main tourist area of the study area in 2009. The total value of the ecosystem service value is RMB 7.7123E+10 yuan and 1.1812E+10 yuan respectively. The value of material products in various types of ecosystem services accounts for 9.05% and 9.36% respectively. The value of ecological security service is 83.31% and 83.05% respectively, and the value of landscape culture carrying service is 7.64% and 7.59%, respectively. The value of forest ecological service value in the ecosystem accounts for 50.94% and 57.69% of the total service value, and the value of the grassland ecological service value is 43.03% and 36.14%, respectively, and the total service value of the lakes and rivers is 5.04% and 5.86%, and the value of the desert ecological service value is 1% and 0.30%., respectively. Comparatively speaking, the value of the ecosystem service value per unit area is larger than that of the whole area.
(2) the index frame and its consumption research on the consumption of residents' ecosystem services. Based on the survey of the residents' components and activities in the study area, the study on the consumption and characteristics of local residents' ecosystem services was carried out on the basis of the statistical data. The results showed that the overall ecosystem service consumption of the residents in the study area was 4.36E+19sej in 2010. The proportion of people's livelihood based ecosystem services is the largest, accounting for the total consumption of 68.2%. from the composition of the total consumption of material products and ecological security maintenance two types of ecosystem services for the largest proportion of the ecological system service consumption, to 80.77% of the total consumption level, and the consumption of production data in the product service. The consumption of atmospheric security in the ecological security service is the highest. The living consumption level of the villagers in the three types of residents in the study area is the highest. The food consumption level of 90.67%. in different life consumption items is the highest, accounting for the total consumption of 39.70%..
(3) the framework of tourist ecosystem service consumption structure and its consumption measurement. Through the data survey and analysis of tourist traffic, infrastructure and reception facilities, the analysis of the consumption of ecological system services for tourists, housing, travel, travel, shopping, entertainment and waste disposal, and measuring the consumption of visitors' ecosystem services in 2010. As a result, the total consumption of ecosystem services for tourists in 2010 is 2.54E+19sej. from consumption. The consumption of catering activities in tourist activities such as tourist catering, accommodation, tourism, sightseeing, tourism and entertainment, waste disposal and other tourism activities is the highest, accounting for 46.48% of the total consumption, followed by the consumption level of recreational activities, accounting for total consumption. The amount of 27.76%. should be concerned, and the consumption of waste disposal accounts for the total consumption of 9.84%. from the type. The consumption proportion of the tourist material product ecosystem services is the largest, accounting for 44.52% of the total consumption, and the proportion of food consumption is the largest in this kind of service. The proportion of the ecological safety maintenance ecosystem service consumption accounts for the proportion of the total consumption. 27.72%, CO2 fixation and waste absorption treatment account for a large proportion of such services.
(4) the analysis of ecosystem load status in the study area. By using relevant data indicators, the ecological system load status of the research area is compared and discussed. The main research results are that the load capacity coefficient of the ecosystem services in the main tourist area is 15.53, which indicates that the study area is in the form of ecological surplus in 2010, and the per capita consumption of the tourist's ecosystem service day is in 2010. The 2.64 times of the villagers showed that the individual unit time of the tourists had a greater impact on the ecosystem services in the area, and the total consumption of ecosystem services in the tourist season study area was 4.77E+19sej, which was 1.93 times the total consumption in the non tourist season.
(5) study on the relationship between the livelihood of the village livelihood and the consumption of the ecosystem services. This paper combines the data of the villagers' consumption and the survey of the livelihood of the village, clarifies the villagers' livelihood capital and the characteristics of the livelihood strategy, and discusses the different livelihood strategies, the level of the livelihood of the capital, and the livelihood of the village under different space and types. The survey and analysis of the livelihood capital and Livelihood Strategy of villagers' livelihood capital shows that the total level of the living capital of the villagers in the study area is 0.249, lower than 0.5 in the middle state, only the index of human capital is higher than 0.5 in each index, and the other four categories are less than 0.5, of which material capital is in the five category. This is the lowest level, and the level of natural capital is also in a low state. According to the analysis of the sources of income and labor input, the villagers' livelihood strategy can be divided into four types: participation in tourism, animal husbandry, tourism and animal husbandry, and other types of non-agricultural and animal husbandry. Different livelihood strategies, different livelihood capital levels, different spaces and classes are found. In terms of the characteristics and relationships of the total ecological system service and the consumption of production and life type, the results of the overall consumption of villagers showed that the life type of the villagers' total ecosystem service consumption was the largest, and the villagers' spatial distribution had no significant influence on the ecological consumption, but the type of villagers had no significant influence on the ecological consumption. The factors affecting the consumption of ecosystem services are influenced by the villagers' livelihood capital type variables, which have an impact on the three types of ecosystem service consumption of their families, and the two types of variables are close to the linear relationship; the villagers' livelihood strategy variables are the factors affecting the consumption of their family ecosystem services, in which the livelihood strategy serves the villagers' productive ecosystem services. The effect of consumption is the greatest, but the linear relationship between the two types of variables is not obvious. The results of the study on the consumption of the villagers' family production and life type ecosystem services show that the villagers' type has an impact on the consumption of the hay and water, and the villagers' spatial distribution has little influence on the consumption level of the villagers. The types of the villagers' livelihood capital and the livelihood strategy are the types of the villagers' spatial distribution. The factors affecting the consumption of two types of production type of villagers' hay and water. Different types of villagers have influence on their life type ecosystem service consumption items, but the linear relationship is not significant. But the characteristics of the villagers' spatial distribution have no significant influence on their life type consumption. The types and types of livelihood strategies of villagers' livelihood capital are different, and their various types of living ecosystems are different. There is a significant difference in the average level of the average service consumption items, in which the type of livelihood capital has a greater degree of influence, but the fitting degree of the linear relationship between the two types of independent variables and the dependent variables is poor.
(6) the management suggestions on the rational consumption of regional ecosystem services for tourism development with the nature reserve as the core, from the environmental awareness of the residents, the infrastructure construction of the tourist area, the improvement of the livelihood of the villagers, and the management of the tourists, the rational consumption of the ecosystem services in the research area.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F592.7

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