本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國(guó)海島縣的旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)集中度與差異化，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

[1] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">成德寧,<name lang="CN">侯偉麗,<name lang="CN">周立.知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)與城市產(chǎn)業(yè)空間布局的調(diào)整[J].經(jīng)濟(jì)地理,<year>2002,<volume>22(3):<fpage>277-<lpage>280.

隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)等高新技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,世界經(jīng)濟(jì)正在從工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)向知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變,阻礙生產(chǎn)要素流動(dòng)的 制度壁壘和自然壁壘明顯減少,產(chǎn)業(yè)空間區(qū)位選擇的靈活性大大增強(qiáng),產(chǎn)業(yè)布局將出現(xiàn)分散與聚集共存的趨勢(shì).那些以創(chuàng)新為基礎(chǔ)的知識(shí)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)將形成有規(guī)律的 集群,大城市中心區(qū)也將日益成為跨國(guó)公司總部以及銀行、保險(xiǎn)、管理咨詢等生產(chǎn)者服務(wù)業(yè)高度集中的地區(qū),成為協(xié)調(diào)全國(guó)乃至全球生產(chǎn)的信息和服務(wù)中心.根據(jù)產(chǎn) 業(yè)空間演變的新趨勢(shì)和我國(guó)城市產(chǎn)業(yè)布局的現(xiàn)狀,作者提出了調(diào)整我國(guó)城市產(chǎn)業(yè)空間布局的方向和思路.

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8462.2002.03.006     

<mixed-citation>[<name>Cheng <given-names>Dening,<name>Hou <given-names>Weili,<name>Zhou <given-names>Li.Knowledge economy and spatial distribution readjustment of urban industries.Economic Geography,<year>2002,<volume>22(3):<fpage>277-<lpage>280.]

[2] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">牛方曲,<name lang="CN">劉衛(wèi)東.中國(guó)區(qū)域科技創(chuàng)新資源分布及其與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平協(xié)同測(cè)度[J].地理科學(xué)進(jìn)展,<year>2012,<volume>31(2):<fpage>149-<lpage>154

21 世紀(jì)是知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代,為了提高中國(guó)的科技創(chuàng)新能力以促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展,各區(qū)域進(jìn)行了大量科技創(chuàng)新資源的建設(shè)投入。但科技投入只有真正轉(zhuǎn)化為創(chuàng)新能力、產(chǎn)出創(chuàng)新成果,才能促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。本文分別從國(guó)立、地方、企業(yè)三方面綜合評(píng)價(jià)了各省的科技創(chuàng)新資源,分析其空間分布格局,并結(jié)合經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平,分析了區(qū)域科技創(chuàng)新資源與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平之間的相關(guān)性。研究表明,中國(guó)各省科技創(chuàng)新資源與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平總體上呈正相關(guān)趨勢(shì),但具體到各省份,隨著科技創(chuàng)新資源的增加,其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平卻有升有降。為充分發(fā)揮區(qū)域科技創(chuàng)新資源的作用,提高科研成果產(chǎn)出,區(qū)域科技創(chuàng)新資源與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平的配置關(guān)系仍需優(yōu)化調(diào)整。探索中國(guó)科技創(chuàng)新資源與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平間的驅(qū)動(dòng)與響應(yīng)機(jī)制,建立科學(xué)合理的決策模型,實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家用于宏觀調(diào)控的國(guó)立科技創(chuàng)新資源、各地區(qū)自主決策的地方科技創(chuàng)新資源、市場(chǎng)驅(qū)動(dòng)的企業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新資源三者有機(jī)結(jié)合、高效配置,以更大程度地實(shí)現(xiàn)科技產(chǎn)出,促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)型期的中國(guó),實(shí)現(xiàn)由依靠傳統(tǒng)資源要素進(jìn)入到依靠科技資源支撐和推動(dòng)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的新階段,具有重要意義。

DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2012.02.003     

<mixed-citation>.[<name>Niu <given-names>Fangqu,<name>Liu <given-names>Weidong.Relationships between Scientific ＆ Technological Resources and Regional Economic Development in China.Progress in Geography,<year>2012,<volume>31(2):<fpage>149-<lpage>154.] [3] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">梁昊光. 知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)度測(cè)度及其對(duì)北京城市發(fā)展的啟示[J].地理研究,<year>2014,<volume>33(9):<fpage>1629-<lpage>1635

知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,已成為驅(qū)動(dòng)城市創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的重要因子,其貢獻(xiàn)測(cè)度成為城市科學(xué)關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。以北京為例,科學(xué)界定知識(shí)產(chǎn)業(yè)的范疇,構(gòu)建流通、投入、存量、產(chǎn)出四維測(cè)度框架,應(yīng)用層次分析法測(cè)度知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)北京城市發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)度。結(jié)果表明：信息化指數(shù)、研發(fā)投入比重、每萬(wàn)人口專利、知識(shí)產(chǎn)業(yè)比重能較好地刻畫知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)的貢獻(xiàn)度;北京城市發(fā)展的知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)率逐年提高,已接近70%;北京城市知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)度提高的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因子是知識(shí)產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值占GDP比重和信息化。

DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201409004     

<mixed-citation>.[<name>Liang <given-names>Haoguang.Measurement of the contribution of Beijing knowledge economy.Geographical Research,<year>2014,<volume>33(9):<fpage>1629-<lpage>1635.] [4] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">崔占峰,<name lang="CN">喬晶.從原始狩獵經(jīng)濟(jì)到生物經(jīng)濟(jì)-經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài)演變的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析[J]. 重慶工商大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(西部論壇),<year>2006,<volume>16(1):<fpage>79-<lpage>82/s?wd=paperuri%3A%286edf5683ccc4fa22585046e9ce9f65f8%29&filter=sc_long_sign&sc_ks_para=q%3D%E4%BB%8E%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%8B%A9%E7%8C%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%88%B0%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98%E7%9A%84%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&sc_us=5782394477288516978&tn=SE_baiduxueshu_c1gjeupa&ie=utf-8 <mixed-citation>.[<name>Cui <given-names>Zhanfeng,<name>Qiao <given-names>Jing.From primitive hunting economy to biological economy-Political and economic analysis of economic evolution.Journal of Chongqing Technology and Business University(West Forum),<year>2006,<volume>16(1):<fpage>79-<lpage>82.] [5] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">王輝,<name lang="CN">張萌,<name lang="CN">石瑩,<etal lang="CN">等.中國(guó)海島縣的旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)集中度與差異化[J].地理研究,<year>2013,<volume>32(4):<fpage>776-<lpage>784.

旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)集中度與差異化分析是對(duì)旅游在特定區(qū)域發(fā)展的重視程度及發(fā)展現(xiàn)況的研究,從而獲取發(fā)展正確方向及合作對(duì)象的重要衡量方法。海島具有相對(duì)獨(dú)立的地域特征,旅游發(fā)展在島域地域系統(tǒng)中具有特殊的相似性及差異性。選取2006-2010年中國(guó)12個(gè)海島縣旅游業(yè)發(fā)展相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),采用區(qū)位熵和Theil指數(shù)方法分別對(duì)我國(guó)海島縣旅游業(yè)集中度和時(shí)間尺度上的省市間、省市內(nèi)和總體差異變化狀況進(jìn)行計(jì)算。結(jié)果表明:①中國(guó)海島縣整體旅游業(yè)態(tài)發(fā)展不均衡,旅游業(yè)態(tài)集中化程度較低,在海島縣域的專業(yè)性整體優(yōu)勢(shì)不強(qiáng),但可提升空間較大;②福建省入島旅游總收入差異呈下降趨勢(shì),浙江省呈升高趨勢(shì),說(shuō)明福建省海島旅游業(yè)正向均衡方向發(fā)展,入島旅游總收入的Theil系數(shù)由2006年福建省大于浙江省轉(zhuǎn)變到2010年浙江省大于福建省,兩省入島旅游總收入差異正在逐漸弱化;③各海島縣間的差異及海島縣隸屬省市的差異都在增大,組內(nèi)差異與組間差異差距不大,但相互波動(dòng)頻繁,隸屬省內(nèi)海島縣的差異和省間的差異都是造成中國(guó)海島縣發(fā)展差異的主要原因。

DOI: 10.11821/yj2013040020     

<mixed-citation>[<name>Wang <given-names>Hui,<name>Zhang <given-names>Meng,Shi Ying et al.Concentration and differentiation of tourism economy in island counties,China.Geographical Research,<year>2013,<volume>32(4):<fpage>776-<lpage>784.] [6] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Bill <given-names>Bramwel.Maltese responses to tourism[J].Annals of Tourism Research,<year>2003,<volume>30(3):<fpage>581-<lpage>605.

<name lang="CN">王輝,<name lang="CN">朱宇巍,<name lang="CN">王亮.遼寧省無(wú)居民海島“陸島聯(lián)動(dòng)”旅游開發(fā)模式構(gòu)建[J].北京第二外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),<year>2012,(9):<fpage>59-<lpage>65

隨著人類活動(dòng)由陸域向海域擴(kuò)展，無(wú)居民海島的開發(fā)逐步提上日程， 開發(fā)的主要功能以旅游娛樂(lè)用途為主。可見(jiàn)，構(gòu)建科學(xué)合理的無(wú)居民海島旅游開發(fā)模式將是實(shí)現(xiàn)海島生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的前提。本文對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外無(wú)居民海島開發(fā)成功 案例的開發(fā)機(jī)制進(jìn)行分析、梳理，提取成功精髓，結(jié)合遼寧省無(wú)居民海島特點(diǎn)，將省內(nèi)無(wú)居民海島、有居民海島、陸地3者相聯(lián)系，從資源環(huán)境、設(shè)施、服務(wù)等3個(gè) 角度考慮，，構(gòu)建遼寧省無(wú)居民海島“陸島聯(lián)勸”旅游開發(fā)模式，旨在充分利用海島資源，為無(wú)居民海島未來(lái)發(fā)展的方向提供科學(xué)合理的依據(jù)和途徑。

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6539.2012.09.011     

<mixed-citation>.[<name>Wang <given-names>Hui,<name>Zhu <given-names>Yuwei,<name>Wang <given-names>Liang.Construction of “Land-island Interaction” Tourism Development Model for Uninhabited Islands in Liaoning Province.Journal Beijing International Studies University,<year>2012,(9):<fpage>59-<lpage>65.] [9] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Ray <given-names>Green.Community perceptions of environmental and social change and tourism development on the island of Koh Samui,Thailand[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,<year>2005,(1):<fpage>37-<lpage>56.

This study explored how members of a small town community on the island of Koh Samui, Thailand, perceive their everyday surroundings within the context of an environment that has rapidly changed, primarily due to tourism and associated development. Initially, a projective mapping technique was employed to identify a range of local environmental settings: from those that have most dramatically changed to those that have remained relatively unchanged. These settings were then photographed and used as stimuli in two photographic sorting tasks (Multiple-sort and Q-sort). Quantitative and categorical data derived from the multiple sorting methods were subjected to multidimensional scaling analysis and categorical principal component analysis while the aggregated Q-sort data was used to assess the perceived “suitability” ( moh sohm in Thai) of the stimuli settings and associated features from the perspective of local inhabitants. Six setting/environmental feature types were identified: nontourist buildings that hold cultural and social significance for locals, tourist facilities and associated social and environmental problems, water features used by the local community and places and environmental features representative of ‘unspoilt’ nature. In addition, respondents were found to discriminate between stimuli settings along three underlying dimensions: suitability of change, built versus natural environments and ‘insiders’ (members of the established local community) versus ‘outsiders’ (tourists and recent migrants). Individual differences in the way respondents used these dimensions were also assessed. The combination of quantitative and qualitative methods used in this study may have utility for identifying and assessing environmental and social impacts, as well as the mental constructs used in assessing such impacts, from the perspective of host communities in others places where tourism is a catalyst of rapid change.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2004.09.007     

[10] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">王輝,<name lang="CN">宋麗,<name lang="CN">郭玲玲.海島地區(qū)發(fā)展低碳旅游的必要性與途徑分析——以大連市大長(zhǎng)山島為例[J]. 旅游論壇,<year>2010,<volume>3(6):<fpage>692-<lpage>695.

在全球氣候變暖的大背景下,低碳成為各行各業(yè)追求經(jīng)濟(jì)效益之外的另一個(gè)目標(biāo)。在旅游活動(dòng)中倡導(dǎo)低碳,旅游既能延伸人們的低碳生活方式,又能實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)旅游地環(huán)境的保護(hù)。海島是一個(gè)特殊的地理單元,生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱、環(huán)境承載力相對(duì)較低,在該區(qū)域開展低碳旅游尤其必要。將國(guó)內(nèi)外近年低碳旅游的相關(guān)理論和案例做了總結(jié)和剖析,在此基礎(chǔ)上,以大連市大長(zhǎng)山島為例,提出海島地區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)低碳旅游的途徑,即創(chuàng)建海島低碳旅游吸引物、完善低碳旅游設(shè)施、營(yíng)造旅游體驗(yàn)環(huán)境和引導(dǎo)低碳旅游行為,實(shí)現(xiàn)海島旅游業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3784.2010.06.013     

<mixed-citation>[<name>Wang <given-names>Hui,<name>Song <given-names>Li, <name>Guo <given-names>Lingling.Necessity and Way of the Development of Low-carb on Tourism in the Island Area-A Case Study in Da Changshan Island of Da Lian.Tourism Forum,<year>2010,<volume>3(6):<fpage>692-<lpage>695.] [11] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>National Park <given-names>Service.The-Island-Guide-2014[M].Ventura:U.S.Department of the Interior,<year>2014. [12] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Bill Mc <given-names>Cawley.Channel Islands National Park East Anacapa Island Map&Guide[M].Ventura:U.S.Department of the Interior,<year>2015. [13] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Derek <given-names>Lohuis.Channel Islands National Park Interpretive Guide Santa Rosa Island[M].Ventura: U.S.Department of the Interior,<year>2015. [14] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Derek <given-names>Lohuis.Channel Islands National Park Santa Barbara Island Trail Guide[M].Ventura:U.S.Department of the Interior,<year>2015. [15] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">陳平,<name lang="CN">田竹君,<name lang="CN">李曌,<etal lang="CN">等.日本國(guó)家尺度生物多樣性綜合評(píng)價(jià)概況及啟示[J].地理科學(xué),<year>2015,<volume>35(9):<fpage>1130-<lpage>1139

作為生物多樣性公約締約國(guó),日本通過(guò)制定并修訂生物多樣性國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略、頒布《生物多樣性基本法》等政策加強(qiáng)生物多樣性保護(hù)。2008 年,日本成立生物多樣性綜合評(píng)價(jià)委員會(huì),應(yīng)用DPSIR概念模型建立綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,由14 項(xiàng)原因評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)和16 項(xiàng)狀態(tài)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)構(gòu)成,共計(jì)30 項(xiàng)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo);使用行政統(tǒng)計(jì)、國(guó)土資源調(diào)查、環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)及科學(xué)研究等104 種數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)1950s 以來(lái)50 a 間日本全境的生物多樣性狀況進(jìn)行了綜合評(píng)價(jià)。日本生物多樣性綜合評(píng)價(jià)的管理特征和綜合特征十分突出。評(píng)價(jià)方式是利用已有調(diào)查和監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)(定量數(shù)據(jù)),分析因果關(guān)系,得出趨勢(shì)結(jié)論,提出相應(yīng)對(duì)策,為一種定性和定量相結(jié)合的趨勢(shì)分析之綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法。評(píng)價(jià)區(qū)域分為森林、農(nóng)田、城市、陸地水域、沿岸和海洋、島嶼(離島)六大生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類型區(qū),分析了造成日本生物多樣性損失的四次大的危機(jī)。探討了其對(duì)中國(guó)生物多樣性評(píng)價(jià)工作的借鑒意義。

<mixed-citation>.[<name>Chen <given-names>Ping,<name>Tian <given-names>Zhujun,Li Zhao et al.An Overview on Comprehensive Biodiversity Assessment in Japan and Its Enlightenment.Scientia Geographica Sinica, <year>2015, <volume>35(9):<fpage>1130-<lpage>1139.] [16] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">王輝,<name lang="CN">石瑩,<name lang="CN">武雅嬌,<etal lang="CN">等.海島旅游地“陸島旅游一體化”的測(cè)度與案例實(shí)證[J].經(jīng)濟(jì)地理,<year>2013,<volume>33(8):<fpage>153-<lpage>157.

根據(jù)海島旅游地“陸島旅游一體化”發(fā)展思路，構(gòu)建評(píng)價(jià)體系，運(yùn)用組合賦權(quán)法量化論證。經(jīng)測(cè)算，“陸島旅游一體化”總體呈“w”型徘徊發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)，從海島旅游未開發(fā)、開發(fā)中期到開發(fā)中后期，一體化程度呈現(xiàn)較高-降低-升高態(tài)勢(shì)。海島旅游地與腹地城市的關(guān)系演進(jìn)大體經(jīng)歷了腹地城市孕育海島-陸島分離-腹地城市反哺海島，海島對(duì)腹地城市產(chǎn)生逆輻射-陸島聯(lián)動(dòng)，統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展四階段�！瓣憤u旅游一體化”思想有利于促進(jìn)海陸旅游共生共贏。

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國(guó)家公園是保護(hù)自然和人文資源完整性的重要形式。自1872年第一個(gè)國(guó)家公園——美國(guó)黃石國(guó)家公園建立以來(lái),經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)多世紀(jì)的演變與發(fā)展,美國(guó)國(guó)家公園的管理體制日趨成熟完善。我國(guó)國(guó)家公園發(fā)展時(shí)間不長(zhǎng),在管理體制方面尚存不足。對(duì)美國(guó)國(guó)家公園管理體制相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行梳理,將美國(guó)國(guó)家公園的管理體制的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行劃分,包括國(guó)家公園設(shè)立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、管理機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置、法律基礎(chǔ)、規(guī)劃管理、教育和解說(shuō)系統(tǒng)、游客體驗(yàn)與資源保護(hù)的平衡、資金來(lái)源和門票管理及特許經(jīng)營(yíng)體制等,運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)分析法對(duì)具代表性論文進(jìn)行綜述,以期為我國(guó)該領(lǐng)域以后的研究發(fā)展提供借鑒和參考。

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