基于學(xué)緣的中國科學(xué)院院士成長特征研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-03 12:12
【摘要】：21世紀(jì)最關(guān)鍵的是人才,我國堅(jiān)持尊重知識(shí)、尊重人才,堅(jiān)決貫徹人才強(qiáng)國戰(zhàn)略。因此,高科技人才培養(yǎng)是我國教育發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。本論文以2007-2011年增選的中國科學(xué)院院士為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)研究、比較研究和統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的方法對(duì)其學(xué)歷背景、留學(xué)背景、從業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了研究,根據(jù)院士的學(xué)緣特點(diǎn)分析了我國教育政策和高校發(fā)展,并提出嘗試性建議,主要內(nèi)容如下： 第一,通過比較研究和統(tǒng)計(jì)分析院士的學(xué)歷背景,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)我國高科技人才成長的幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：學(xué)歷越高,科學(xué)成就越大；重點(diǎn)院校培養(yǎng)的高科技人才更多；科學(xué)研究所是培養(yǎng)科學(xué)專業(yè)人才的重要機(jī)構(gòu)；人才培養(yǎng)地域分布不平衡。 第二,分析中國科學(xué)院院士們的留學(xué)國別、留學(xué)院系、留學(xué)趨勢,并探討留學(xué)方式、留學(xué)目的、留學(xué)地點(diǎn)和留學(xué)結(jié)果演變,得出幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：留學(xué)院士多數(shù)集中于1980s、1990s出國深造,美國是他們的主要的留學(xué)目的國；留學(xué)目的從之前“憂國憂民”的思想逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樽晕覂r(jià)值的提升；留學(xué)方式多樣化；留學(xué)地點(diǎn)不斷變化,美國是我國現(xiàn)階段留學(xué)生最多的國家；我國各種政策鼓勵(lì)留學(xué)生歸國。 第三,對(duì)院士的從業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)的類型和地域分布進(jìn)行分析,探討我國高科技人才匯集有幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：從院士的從業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)類型來看,高等院校和研究機(jī)構(gòu)是高科技人才重要的匯集地；從院士從業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)的地域分布來看,北京以絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢位居榜首。 第四,基于院士學(xué)緣特點(diǎn),從教育政策、高校發(fā)展方面探討,對(duì)我國高科技人才培養(yǎng)提出幾點(diǎn)建議。從教育政策的教育公平方面來說,建議合理配置教育資源、鼓勵(lì)更多的青年人才前往中西部邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)、建立多種人才選擇機(jī)制、建立完善的基層文化教育體系；從高校發(fā)展方面來看,存在高校發(fā)展不平衡、文理科涇渭分明、學(xué)術(shù)不端和人才流失問題,建議加大中西部高校、普通高校的扶持力度；從加強(qiáng)學(xué)科交流合作方面來講,應(yīng)該提高綜合素質(zhì)教育水平,建立誠信檔案、強(qiáng)化監(jiān)管制度,建立多樣留學(xué)機(jī)制、加強(qiáng)高校國際化,加強(qiáng)人才引進(jìn)機(jī)制,提高師資力量。
[Abstract]:The most important thing in the 21st century is talent. Our country insists on respecting knowledge, respecting talents and carrying out the strategy of strengthening the country by talents. Therefore, the cultivation of high-tech talents is the key to the development of education in China. In this paper, the academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences from 2007 to 2011 were selected as the research objects, and their academic background, study background and working institutions were studied by using the methods of literature research, comparative study and statistical analysis. According to the academic characteristics of academicians, this paper analyzes the educational policies and the development of colleges and universities in China, and puts forward some tentative suggestions. The main contents are as follows: first, through comparative research and statistical analysis, the academic background of academicians is analyzed. We can find several characteristics of the growth of high-tech talents in China: the higher the educational background, the greater the scientific achievements; The scientific research institute is an important institution for the training of scientific professionals, and the regional distribution of talent training is not balanced. Second, analyzing the study abroad country, department and trend of the academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and discussing the way, the purpose, the place and the result of studying abroad, the following characteristics are obtained: the majority of the academicians studying abroad are concentrated in 1980 s. In 1990's, the United States was their main destination for studying abroad. The purpose of studying abroad has gradually changed from the thought of "worrying about the country and the people" to the promotion of self-worth, the diversification of study abroad, the constant change of study place, and the fact that the United States has the most overseas students in our country at the present stage; all kinds of policies of our country encourage foreign students to return home. Thirdly, it analyzes the types and geographical distribution of academicians' professional organizations, and probes into several characteristics of hi-tech talents' gathering in China: from the view of the types of academicians' professional organizations, universities and research institutions are the important gathering places for high-tech talents; Judging from the geographical distribution of academicians, Beijing topped the list by absolute superiority. Fourthly, based on the characteristics of academicians' academic fate, this paper probes into the educational policy and the development of colleges and universities, and puts forward some suggestions for the cultivation of high-tech talents in China. From the aspect of education fairness of educational policy, it is suggested to allocate educational resources rationally, encourage more young talents to go to the remote areas of central and western regions, set up a variety of talent selection mechanism, and establish a perfect grass-roots cultural education system. From the point of view of the development of colleges and universities, there is imbalance in the development of colleges and universities, a clear distinction between arts and science, academic misconduct and brain drain, it is suggested to increase the support of universities and colleges in the central and western part of the country. From the aspect of strengthening the subject exchange and cooperation, we should improve the level of comprehensive quality education, establish the credit file, strengthen the supervision system, establish various studying abroad mechanism, strengthen the internationalization of colleges and universities, strengthen the talent introduction mechanism, and improve the teachers' strength.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G322.21
本文編號(hào)：2399346
[Abstract]:The most important thing in the 21st century is talent. Our country insists on respecting knowledge, respecting talents and carrying out the strategy of strengthening the country by talents. Therefore, the cultivation of high-tech talents is the key to the development of education in China. In this paper, the academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences from 2007 to 2011 were selected as the research objects, and their academic background, study background and working institutions were studied by using the methods of literature research, comparative study and statistical analysis. According to the academic characteristics of academicians, this paper analyzes the educational policies and the development of colleges and universities in China, and puts forward some tentative suggestions. The main contents are as follows: first, through comparative research and statistical analysis, the academic background of academicians is analyzed. We can find several characteristics of the growth of high-tech talents in China: the higher the educational background, the greater the scientific achievements; The scientific research institute is an important institution for the training of scientific professionals, and the regional distribution of talent training is not balanced. Second, analyzing the study abroad country, department and trend of the academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and discussing the way, the purpose, the place and the result of studying abroad, the following characteristics are obtained: the majority of the academicians studying abroad are concentrated in 1980 s. In 1990's, the United States was their main destination for studying abroad. The purpose of studying abroad has gradually changed from the thought of "worrying about the country and the people" to the promotion of self-worth, the diversification of study abroad, the constant change of study place, and the fact that the United States has the most overseas students in our country at the present stage; all kinds of policies of our country encourage foreign students to return home. Thirdly, it analyzes the types and geographical distribution of academicians' professional organizations, and probes into several characteristics of hi-tech talents' gathering in China: from the view of the types of academicians' professional organizations, universities and research institutions are the important gathering places for high-tech talents; Judging from the geographical distribution of academicians, Beijing topped the list by absolute superiority. Fourthly, based on the characteristics of academicians' academic fate, this paper probes into the educational policy and the development of colleges and universities, and puts forward some suggestions for the cultivation of high-tech talents in China. From the aspect of education fairness of educational policy, it is suggested to allocate educational resources rationally, encourage more young talents to go to the remote areas of central and western regions, set up a variety of talent selection mechanism, and establish a perfect grass-roots cultural education system. From the point of view of the development of colleges and universities, there is imbalance in the development of colleges and universities, a clear distinction between arts and science, academic misconduct and brain drain, it is suggested to increase the support of universities and colleges in the central and western part of the country. From the aspect of strengthening the subject exchange and cooperation, we should improve the level of comprehensive quality education, establish the credit file, strengthen the supervision system, establish various studying abroad mechanism, strengthen the internationalization of colleges and universities, strengthen the talent introduction mechanism, and improve the teachers' strength.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G322.21
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