【摘要】：平視顯示器(HUD)具有降低飛行員負(fù)荷、延長持續(xù)觀察時(shí)間和提高飛行精度等優(yōu)點(diǎn),中國民用航空局正推廣其應(yīng)用。但是HUD的應(yīng)用會(huì)引入注意力資源分配不均、檢測失效/故障的效率降低及情景意識(shí)喪失等人為因素問題。同時(shí),進(jìn)近著陸時(shí)跑道入侵事件危害較大且頻繁發(fā)生。針對HUD的設(shè)計(jì)和使用的人為因素問題,開展進(jìn)近著陸情景下飛行員使用HUD探測跑道入侵的行為模式和認(rèn)知績效的研究。本文基于融合HUD的A320駕駛艙視景仿真系統(tǒng)開展進(jìn)近著陸情景下飛行員使用HUD探測跑道入侵的實(shí)驗(yàn),分析飛行員的行為模式和認(rèn)知績效。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)分析與駕駛艙及HUD的設(shè)計(jì)和使用相關(guān)的適航規(guī)章及咨詢通告、SAE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和技術(shù)文獻(xiàn),明確局方、工業(yè)方和運(yùn)營方對HUD的設(shè)計(jì)和使用的要求,整理HUD設(shè)計(jì)和使用過程中的航空人為因素問題。(2)搭建A320駕駛艙視景仿真系統(tǒng),包括HUD和PFD顯示系統(tǒng)、三維駕駛艙模型和三維機(jī)場地形的搭建,以及讀取飛行搖桿數(shù)據(jù)控制模擬飛行�；陂_發(fā)的A320駕駛艙視景仿真系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行進(jìn)近著陸情景下飛行員探測跑道入侵的實(shí)驗(yàn),開展跑道入侵情景下飛行員使用HUD的行為模式和認(rèn)知績效的研究。(3)從行為模式和認(rèn)知績效兩方面分析眼動(dòng)和手動(dòng)操控實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),分析使用HUD和PFD探測跑道入侵時(shí)的眼動(dòng)模式、手動(dòng)操控行為和認(rèn)知績效,通過單因素方差分析驗(yàn)證飛行顯示器是否顯著影響飛行員的行為模式和認(rèn)知績效。(4)信息的視覺顯著性影響飛行員的行為模式,認(rèn)知績效和飛行信息感知,提出分析駕駛艙視景顯著性的CISD-L(Color,Intensity,Shape,Direction,Location)模型。利用CISD-L模型定量分析進(jìn)近著陸過程中使用HUD探測跑道入侵的視景顯著性。
[Abstract]:The flat-view display (HUD) has the advantages of reducing the pilot load, prolonging the continuous observation time and improving the flight accuracy, etc. The Civil Aviation Administration of China is popularizing its application. However, the application of HUD will lead to some human factors, such as uneven allocation of attention resources, low efficiency of detecting failure / failure and loss of situational awareness. At the same time, runway intrusions are harmful and frequent when approaching landing. Aiming at the problem of human factors in the design and use of HUD, the behavior pattern and cognitive performance of pilots using HUD to detect runway intrusion were studied in the approaching landing scenario. Based on the A320 cockpit visual simulation system combined with HUD, this paper analyzes the pilots' behavior patterns and cognitive performance by using HUD to detect runway intrusion in the approaching landing scenario. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: (1) analyzing the airworthiness regulations and consultation notices related to the design and use of the cockpit and HUD, and clarifying the requirements of the bureau, industry and operators for the design and use of HUD. The problems of aeronautical human factors in the design and use of HUD are sorted out. (2) the visual simulation system of the A320 cockpit, including the HUD and PFD display system, the 3D cockpit model and the 3D airport terrain, is built. And read flight rocker data control simulation flight. Based on the development of the A320 cockpit visual simulation system, the pilot detects the runway intrusion in the approaching landing scenario. The behavioral pattern and cognitive performance of pilots using HUD in runway intrusion scenarios were studied. (3) the eye movement and manual manipulation data were analyzed from two aspects of behavior pattern and cognitive performance, and the eye movement mode of runway intrusion was detected by HUD and PFD. Manual manipulating behavior and cognitive performance were used to verify whether the flight monitor significantly affected the pilots' behavior patterns and cognitive performance by one-way variance analysis. (4) the visual significance of information significantly affected the pilots' behavior patterns. Based on cognitive performance and flight information perception, a CISD-L (Color IntensitySite ShapeDirectionLocation) model is proposed to analyze the visual significance of cockpit. The CISD-L model is used to quantitatively analyze the visual significance of detecting runway intrusion with HUD during approach landing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國民航大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：V355

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