本文選題：會(huì)展中心 + 火災(zāi)��； 參考：《天津大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代化建筑事業(yè)的發(fā)展,我國(guó)的建筑業(yè)呈現(xiàn)出向大空間和多功能方向發(fā)展的趨勢(shì),如大型商場(chǎng)、展覽廳、文體場(chǎng)館、候機(jī)停車(chē)廳等。大空間建筑往往防火分區(qū)被上、下貫穿的大空間破壞,有的甚至超過(guò)了現(xiàn)行“建筑防火設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范”的限定,所以客觀的火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估可以為人們預(yù)防火災(zāi)、控制火災(zāi)和撲滅火災(zāi)提供科學(xué)的依據(jù)和支持,也能夠幫助人們認(rèn)識(shí)建筑火災(zāi)的危險(xiǎn)程度以及可能造成的損失狀況,從而為防、滅火工作提供科學(xué)的指導(dǎo)。 本文在充分研究火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)該會(huì)展中心的消防設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行全面的分析評(píng)估。首先通過(guò)對(duì)該會(huì)展中心的位置特點(diǎn)、結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、功能特點(diǎn)、人員特點(diǎn)和消防設(shè)施安裝與分布情況進(jìn)行分析,找出消防設(shè)計(jì)方面存在的問(wèn)題,確立該會(huì)展中心的火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估方案。在進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估時(shí),采用人員疏散模擬軟件PathFinder對(duì)建筑的疏散場(chǎng)景進(jìn)行模擬分析,計(jì)算出各個(gè)場(chǎng)景下人員安全疏散所必需的時(shí)間,從而判定展廳排煙系統(tǒng)的有效性;運(yùn)用水力模型軟件通過(guò)對(duì)疏散過(guò)程中的不確定性因素進(jìn)行分析,并對(duì)火災(zāi)蔓延過(guò)程的不確定性進(jìn)行模擬分析,確定疏散人員的時(shí)間;根據(jù)不同區(qū)域的火災(zāi)類(lèi)型、火災(zāi)荷載、可燃物性質(zhì),建立相應(yīng)的火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景,運(yùn)用火災(zāi)動(dòng)力學(xué)模擬軟件FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)對(duì)已確定的火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景進(jìn)行火災(zāi)煙氣運(yùn)動(dòng)模擬計(jì)算,從而對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)的防火分隔設(shè)施是否能將火災(zāi)控制在設(shè)定的防火區(qū)域內(nèi)進(jìn)行判斷,從而判定防火分區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)的合理性、可行性,同時(shí)提出防火分隔、自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)、自動(dòng)滅火系統(tǒng)、防排煙設(shè)施及安全疏散等方面的合理化建議。 本論文根據(jù)該會(huì)展中心的使用性質(zhì)和功能進(jìn)行了火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估,但是要達(dá)到防火性能的總目標(biāo),必須做到建筑設(shè)計(jì)與建筑物的日常使用、管理密切配合,才能更好地發(fā)揮消防設(shè)施的作用,提高建筑的消防安全性能,實(shí)現(xiàn)火災(zāi)的防治工作。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern architecture, the construction industry of our country is developing towards the direction of large space and multi-function, such as large shopping malls, exhibition halls, sports venues, terminal parking halls and so on. Large space buildings are often damaged by large space through the fire prevention zone, and some even exceed the limits of the current "Building Fire Protection Design Code". Therefore, objective fire risk assessment can prevent fire for people. Controlling fire and extinguishing fire can provide scientific basis and support, also can help people to understand the dangerous degree of building fire and the situation of possible loss, thus providing scientific guidance for preventing and extinguishing fire. Based on the study of fire risk assessment, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the fire protection design of the Convention and Exhibition Center. First of all, by analyzing the location, structure, function, personnel and installation and distribution of the fire protection facilities, the problems in fire protection design are found out. Establish the fire risk assessment program of the convention and exhibition center. In the process of risk assessment, the evacuation scene of the building is simulated and analyzed by the personnel evacuation simulation software PathFinder, and the necessary time for the safe evacuation of the people in each scenario is calculated, and the effectiveness of the smoke exhaust system in the exhibition hall is determined. The hydraulic model software is used to analyze the uncertain factors in the evacuation process, and to simulate and analyze the uncertainty of the fire spreading process to determine the time of evacuees, according to the fire types of different areas, the fire load, The properties of combustible matter, the corresponding fire scene is established, and the fire smoke motion simulation calculation is carried out by using the fire dynamics simulation software FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator. In order to judge whether the designed fire prevention separation facility can control the fire in the set fire prevention area, so as to judge the rationality and feasibility of the fire prevention zoning design, at the same time, the fire prevention separation, automatic alarm system and automatic fire extinguishing system are put forward. Reasonable suggestions on smoke prevention and evacuation. In this paper, the fire risk assessment is carried out according to the nature and function of the exhibition center, but in order to achieve the overall goal of fire prevention, it is necessary to cooperate closely with the building design and the daily use and management of the building. In order to play the role of fire fighting facilities better, improve the fire safety performance of buildings, achieve fire prevention and control work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU892

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本文編號(hào)：1917029