本文選題：科技分析 + 腐蝕機(jī)理　； 參考：《重慶師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：青銅器的冶鑄可以追溯到堯舜禹時(shí)代,它的產(chǎn)生是文明進(jìn)步的一個(gè)重要象征,在歷經(jīng)朝代的更替之后,青銅器的發(fā)展在我國(guó)夏商周時(shí)期達(dá)到鼎盛。至漢代銅器的比重便占的越來(lái)越少,裝飾也較簡(jiǎn)單且多為素面。青銅器流傳在世間的方式,除一直流傳有序的之外還有很多是在考古發(fā)掘中出土。在發(fā)掘出土的青銅器在地底經(jīng)歷了長(zhǎng)久的埋藏之后,其本體就已經(jīng)受到微生物的破壞,亟待修復(fù)保護(hù)。待修復(fù)的是一件東漢弦紋鋪首銅鑒,此件青銅器為重慶地區(qū)龍門口墓地出土交由重慶中國(guó)三峽博物館代為修復(fù)的一件出土青銅器。器物在形制上是常見(jiàn)的銅鑒,通過(guò)觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)器物有變形、缺失、裂縫等一系列的病害特征。器物表面已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了一層綠色的的銹蝕產(chǎn)物并且有白色硬結(jié)物。該青銅鑒在當(dāng)時(shí)可能是作為人們的日用器使用。所以從歷史價(jià)值方面來(lái)說(shuō),修復(fù)此件青銅器這對(duì)于研究巴渝地區(qū)的青銅器的發(fā)展有一定的價(jià)值。而從科學(xué)價(jià)值方面來(lái)說(shuō),對(duì)青銅器的銹蝕產(chǎn)物的科技分析,也能讓我們更好的了解青銅器的進(jìn)行腐蝕反應(yīng)的過(guò)程,提高我們對(duì)于文物科技分析手段的認(rèn)識(shí)。在分析檢測(cè)過(guò)程中用到的操作方法主要有實(shí)驗(yàn)的定性定量研究法,和文獻(xiàn)調(diào)查與實(shí)際操作相結(jié)合法。定性定量研究法主要有X射線熒光、掃描電子顯微鏡能譜分析、X射線衍射分析,利用X射線熒光分析銹蝕產(chǎn)物的元素成分,進(jìn)行定性分析,先確定成分,再利用掃描電子顯微鏡直接觀察銹蝕表面的結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)。以建立對(duì)銹蝕產(chǎn)物的直接形態(tài)的了解。最后運(yùn)用X射線衍射儀進(jìn)行定量分析各種物質(zhì)的組成成分,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,白色的硬結(jié)物為碳酸鈣和碳酸鎂鈣,綠色的銹蝕產(chǎn)物為堿式碳酸銅。且鉛的含量一直很高,推斷為鉛青銅。并沒(méi)有含有氯離子的化合物的產(chǎn)生,所以推斷此青銅的銹蝕產(chǎn)物是無(wú)害銹。而對(duì)青銅器的腐蝕機(jī)理做進(jìn)一步研究之后,發(fā)現(xiàn)堿式碳酸銅是常見(jiàn)的青銅腐蝕物。在進(jìn)行一系列的分析之后,筆者在修復(fù)時(shí)采用環(huán)保,科學(xué)的方式對(duì)青銅器本體做了一次用于博物館陳列性展覽修復(fù)的實(shí)踐。
[Abstract]:The smelting and casting of bronze ware can be traced back to the period of Yao, Shun and Yu. It is an important symbol of civilization progress. After the replacement of the dynasty, the development of bronze ware reached its peak in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. To the Han Dynasty, the proportion of bronze is less and less, decoration is simpler and more plain surface. In addition to the way bronzes have been handed down in the world, many of them have been unearthed in archaeological excavations. After excavating the bronze ware buried underground for a long time, its body has been destroyed by microorganisms, which needs to be repaired and protected urgently. What is to be repaired is a bronze piece unearthed at the Longmen Cemetery in Chongqing by the three Gorges Museum of China for the restoration of the first copper mirror of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The object is a common copper mirror in shape. Through observation, it is found that the object has a series of disease characteristics such as deformation, missing, crack and so on. The surface of the object has produced a green rusting product and a white knot. The bronze mirror was probably used as a daily appliance for people at the time. Therefore, in terms of historical value, the restoration of this bronze ware has certain value for the study of the development of bronzes in Bayu area. From the point of view of scientific value, the scientific and technological analysis of rust products of bronze ware can also help us better understand the process of corrosion reaction of bronze ware and improve our understanding of the means of scientific and technological analysis of cultural relics. The operation methods used in the analysis and detection mainly include the qualitative and quantitative research method of experiment and the combination of literature investigation and practical operation. The qualitative and quantitative methods mainly include X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscope energy spectrum analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis, using X-ray fluorescence to analyze the elemental components of rusted products, qualitative analysis, and first determining the composition. The structure and morphology of corroded surface were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). To establish a direct understanding of the form of rust products. Finally, the composition of various substances was quantitatively analyzed by X-ray diffractometer. The results showed that the white cemented products were calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, and the green corrosion products were basic copper carbonate. And the content of lead has been very high, inferred as lead bronze. No compounds containing chloride ions were produced, so it was assumed that the corrosion product of the bronze was harmless. After further study on the corrosion mechanism of bronze ware, it is found that basic copper carbonate is a common bronze corrosion material. After a series of analysis, the author used the environmental protection and scientific method to make a practice of the restoration of the bronze ware in the museum display exhibition.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K876.41

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