本文關(guān)鍵詞： 看臺結(jié)構(gòu) 動力特性 舒適度評價 煩惱率 AHP-模糊綜合評定法　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著社會的進步、技術(shù)的更新,體育場、車站站臺等建筑逐漸朝著輕柔、大跨、低頻的方向發(fā)展,使得結(jié)構(gòu)基頻與人活動頻率接近,振動強烈,容易產(chǎn)生舒適性問題甚至產(chǎn)生危險,釀成事故。因此人致荷載對結(jié)構(gòu)的作用問題越來越引起學(xué)者的重視。另一方面,隨著人類對于精神生活要求的提升,比賽、演唱會等文體活動增多,使得體育場的需求持續(xù)增加,體育場館作為人群集中,且使用頻率高的建筑結(jié)構(gòu),其振動舒適度問題顯得尤為重要,亟需被研究和探討。本文基于上述問題進行了數(shù)值模擬、實測和理論分析的工作,通過數(shù)值模擬和實測研究靜止人群和人群動載作用下結(jié)構(gòu)動力特性的變化,并進行舒適度評價;對煩惱率模型進行改進,基于改進的煩惱率模型評價結(jié)構(gòu)舒適度并進行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計,然后針對看臺結(jié)構(gòu)做出相應(yīng)分析;最后,利用層次分析法和模糊綜合判定法來考慮多因素評價看臺結(jié)構(gòu)舒適度。主要內(nèi)容如下:1.進行哈爾濱會展中心體育場看臺結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)值模擬分析,建立有限元模型,并進行模態(tài)分析,得到頻率值,與實測結(jié)果對比,誤差在允許范圍內(nèi),證明了模型的正確性。進行人群荷載作用下結(jié)構(gòu)動力響應(yīng)分析,得到加速度響應(yīng)分布規(guī)律,并可據(jù)此確定實測測點位置。2.實測看臺結(jié)構(gòu)在靜止人群和人群動載作用下的速度、加速度時程曲線,利用隨機子空間法進行頻譜分析,得到空載和人群靜載作用下結(jié)構(gòu)的頻率值,總結(jié)靜止人群作用下看臺動力特性的變化。計算動載作用下的振動評價量,通過模擬和實測對比驗證了實測的有效性和實測結(jié)果的可信性,按不同舒適度評價標準來評價看臺舒適度,并比較不同參數(shù)對看臺舒適度的影響,得到相應(yīng)結(jié)論。3.針對現(xiàn)有煩惱率模型提出改進方法,主要為隸屬度函數(shù)的改進,用k次型拋物線隸屬度函數(shù)形式代替梯形型函數(shù)形式,此隸屬度函數(shù)優(yōu)于原函數(shù)。綜合隸屬度和人感受差異性給出煩惱率計算公式和煩惱率曲線,用對數(shù)正態(tài)分布累積函數(shù)近似擬合煩惱率曲線,擬合結(jié)果較好。基于煩惱率改進模型提出振動舒適度設(shè)計方法并進行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化分析,然后給出一個相關(guān)計算算例,最后基于改進的煩惱率模型評價看臺結(jié)構(gòu)振動舒適度。4.考慮多因素評價舒適度,包括振動、溫度、噪聲。利用層次分析法確定權(quán)重,分發(fā)95份調(diào)查問卷,回收問卷并進行一致性處理,得到不同因素的權(quán)重值。給出用模糊綜合評定方法評價舒適度的計算公式,并說明振動的定量化劃分基準。
[Abstract]:With the progress of society and the renewal of technology, buildings such as stadiums, stations and platforms are gradually developing towards the direction of soft, long span and low frequency, which makes the fundamental frequency of the structure close to the frequency of human activity and strong vibration. It is easy to produce comfort problems and even dangerous accidents. Therefore, the effect of man-made loads on structures has attracted more and more attention of scholars. On the other hand, with the improvement of human spiritual life requirements, the competition. Concert and other sports activities increase the demand for stadiums continues to increase the stadium as a crowd concentration and the use of high frequency of the building structure its vibration comfort is particularly important. Based on the work of numerical simulation, real measurement and theoretical analysis, the dynamic characteristics of structure under the action of static crowd and crowd under dynamic load are studied by numerical simulation and real measurement. And evaluation of comfort; The vexation rate model is improved, based on the improved vexation rate model, the comfort degree of the structure is evaluated and the structural optimization design is carried out, and then the corresponding analysis is made for the structure of the stands. Finally, using the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive judgment method to consider the multiple factors to evaluate the comfort of stands. The main contents are as follows: 1. Numerical simulation analysis of stands structure of Harbin Convention and Exhibition Center Stadium. The finite element model is established and modal analysis is carried out to get the frequency value. Compared with the measured results, the error is within the allowable range, which proves the correctness of the model. The dynamic response analysis of the structure under crowd load is carried out. The distribution law of acceleration response can be obtained, and the position of measured measuring points can be determined accordingly. The velocity and acceleration time history curve of the structure of the observation stand under the action of static crowd and crowd dynamic load are obtained. By using the random subspace method, the frequency values of the structure under the action of no-load and crowd static load are obtained, and the changes of the dynamic characteristics of the stands under the action of the static crowd are summarized. The vibration evaluation quantity under the action of the dynamic load is calculated. The validity of the test and the credibility of the measured results are verified by the comparison of simulation and actual measurement. The comfort of the stands is evaluated according to different comfort evaluation criteria, and the influence of different parameters on the comfort of the stands is compared. To get the corresponding conclusion. 3. According to the existing annoyance rate model, an improved method is put forward, mainly for the improvement of membership function, using k-type parabola membership function form to replace the trapezoidal function form. This membership function is superior to the original function. The calculation formula and the worry rate curve are given by synthesizing the membership degree and the difference of human feelings. The logarithmic normal distribution cumulative function is used to approximate fit the worry rate curve. Based on the improved model of worry rate, the design method of vibration comfort degree is put forward and the structural optimization analysis is carried out, and a related calculation example is given. Finally, based on the improved annoyance rate model to evaluate the vibration comfort of the stands structure. 4. Consider the multiple factors to evaluate the comfort, including vibration, temperature, noise. Use AHP to determine the weight, and distribute 95 questionnaires. The weight value of different factors is obtained by collecting the questionnaire and the consistency processing. The calculation formula of evaluating comfort degree by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is given and the quantification criterion of vibration is explained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU31
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本文編號：1487591