【摘要】：當今，噪聲污染被列為世界污染三大重點問題之一，噪聲充斥在人類整個行為活動中，人們對其重視程度已不亞于水污染、大氣污染等環(huán)境污染。在諸如軍工、醫(yī)療、科研等高精尖領域，噪聲污染已成為阻礙人類進步的關鍵問題，成為國內(nèi)外同行業(yè)界著手重點解決的重點問題和難點問題之一。人類物質(zhì)生活水平的提高的同時，對生活環(huán)境的要求也越來越高，噪聲污染已成為影響人類生活環(huán)境的主要問題。流體管路振動噪聲問題影響到人類正常生活和生產(chǎn)安全，其噪聲根源在于動力源泵站，論文通過理論和實驗研究，對泵站出口加裝水管路消聲器降低充液管路系統(tǒng)振動噪聲污染，具有重要的理論和實際工程應用意義。 論文中以一種新型水下阻尼吸聲復合材料天然橡膠基硅藻土作為研究對象，并將其制成水管路消聲器應用于高層供水管路系統(tǒng)減振降噪項目中，對流體管路系統(tǒng)減振降噪問題展開研究。對新型水下吸聲復合材料進行了力學性能測試和微觀形貌表征。分析管路振動噪聲產(chǎn)生機理，彎管數(shù)學模型分析表明管路噪聲主要原因是由于水流壓力脈動和汽蝕白噪聲。對新型復合材料離散化，建立多自由度運動方程結(jié)合流體域數(shù)學模型分析了水管路消聲器對流體壓力脈動的吸收效果。根據(jù)硅藻土微孔空氣動力學數(shù)學模型，分析其微孔尺寸結(jié)構(gòu)與吸能系數(shù)關系。建立水管路消聲器三維模型，應用Ansys軟件對水管路消聲器進行雙向流固耦合仿真，，并與多自由度數(shù)學建模Simulink軟件仿真結(jié)果進行了對比分析。加工實體水管路消聲器模型，應用汽車尾氣為噪聲源進行模擬消聲實驗，并應用Matlab軟件進行1/3倍程頻譜分析。 通過實驗和理論分析研究結(jié)論為：硅藻土含量最優(yōu)值為30%；Ansys與Simulink仿真結(jié)果對比得出水管路消聲器對壓力脈動具有顯著的吸收效果；天然橡膠為聲學惰性材料，其良好的阻尼性能可是噪聲傳播的能量得到較大的衰減；模擬噪聲實驗和理論分析表明硅藻土對高頻噪聲吸聲效果顯著。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, noise pollution is listed as one of the three key problems of pollution in the world. Noise is flooded in the whole behavior of human beings, and people pay no less attention to it than water pollution, air pollution and other environmental pollution. In advanced fields such as military industry, medical treatment, scientific research and so on, noise pollution has become the key problem that hinders the progress of human beings, and has become one of the key and difficult problems to be solved by the industry at home and abroad. With the improvement of human material living standard, the requirements for living environment are getting higher and higher, and noise pollution has become the main problem affecting human living environment. The vibration and noise of fluid pipeline affects the normal life and production safety of human beings. The source of noise lies in the power source pumping station. Through theoretical and experimental research, this paper has important theoretical and practical engineering significance for adding water pipe muffler at the outlet of pumping station to reduce the vibration and noise pollution of liquid-filled pipeline system. In this paper, a new type of underwater damping and sound absorption composite natural rubber based diatomite is taken as the research object, and the water pipe muffler is applied to the vibration and noise reduction project of the high-rise water supply pipeline system, and the vibration and noise reduction of the fluid pipeline system is studied. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the new underwater sound absorption composites were tested and characterized. The mechanism of pipeline vibration and noise is analyzed. The mathematical model analysis of pipe bend shows that the main reason of pipeline noise is flow pressure pulsation and cavitation white noise. For the discretization of new composite materials, the multi-degree-of-freedom equation of motion and the mathematical model of fluid domain are established to analyze the absorption effect of water pipe muffler on fluid pressure fluctuation. According to the mathematical model of micropore aerodynamics of diatomite, the relationship between micropore size structure and energy absorption coefficient is analyzed. The three-dimensional model of water pipe muffler is established, and the bidirectional fluid-solid coupling simulation of water pipe muffler is carried out by using Ansys software, and the simulation results are compared with those of multi-degree-of-freedom mathematical modeling Simulink software. The muffler model of solid water pipe is processed, and the simulated noise suppression experiment is carried out by using automobile exhaust as noise source, and the spectrum analysis of 1 / 3 times is carried out by using Matlab software. The results of experimental and theoretical analysis show that the optimal diatomite content is 30% Ansys and Simulink simulation results show that the water pipe muffler has a significant absorption effect on pressure pulsation, the good damping performance of natural rubber is acoustic inertia material, but the energy of noise propagation is greatly attenuated, and the simulated noise experiment and theoretical analysis show that diatomite has remarkable effect on high frequency noise absorption.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB535

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