本文選題：聲景　切入點(diǎn)：綜合性公園　出處：《海南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市綜合性公園,是人們進(jìn)行戶外活動(dòng)的主要公共空間,是人們精神生活的重要載體。隨著人們生活水平的提高,公園內(nèi)的整體環(huán)境質(zhì)量越來(lái)越受到設(shè)計(jì)師和游人的關(guān)注。然而長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),公園的設(shè)計(jì)一直注重視覺(jué)角度,忽視了聽(tīng)覺(jué)與聲環(huán)境的設(shè)計(jì)。隨著聲景概念在國(guó)內(nèi)的引進(jìn)和傳播,人們開(kāi)始重新審視公園景觀中的聲音環(huán)境并關(guān)注聽(tīng)者的聲音感知。 本文在環(huán)境心理學(xué)、心理聲學(xué)、景觀生態(tài)學(xué)、空間與場(chǎng)所相關(guān)理論和游憩行為理論知識(shí)的指導(dǎo)下,對(duì)�？谝呀ǔ傻牡湫途C合性公園的聲景現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了實(shí)地調(diào)查,通過(guò)專業(yè)儀器測(cè)定了人民公園與白沙門(mén)公園各時(shí)段各測(cè)點(diǎn)聲級(jí)的變化,對(duì)其聲景特征做了分析與客觀評(píng)價(jià)。通過(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,了解到園區(qū)游人對(duì)公園聲景現(xiàn)狀的主觀評(píng)價(jià),并以李克特量表法來(lái)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理與分析,結(jié)果表明： (1)�？诰C合性公園聲景特征上,主要由自然聲、生活聲和人工聲構(gòu)成,其比例大小與周邊環(huán)境和公園的使用情況有關(guān),并分析了其聲源特征、時(shí)間分布。在聲景的客觀評(píng)價(jià)方面,主要對(duì)公園各測(cè)點(diǎn)聲級(jí)大小、喧鬧度進(jìn)行了分析和總結(jié)。 (2)在游人對(duì)公園聲景的主觀評(píng)價(jià)方面,分析了聲景評(píng)價(jià)的幾個(gè)重要指標(biāo)——主觀聲響度、好感度與協(xié)調(diào)度,評(píng)選出游人喜歡與不喜歡的十大聲音要素。通過(guò)好感度與協(xié)調(diào)度均值的正相關(guān)得分,說(shuō)明聲音與周圍環(huán)境是一個(gè)共同的整體,聲景是景觀環(huán)境中的一個(gè)重要組成要素。 (3)對(duì)“場(chǎng)所——行為——聲景”進(jìn)行研究,分析公園中典型場(chǎng)所空間特性,得到場(chǎng)所空間——人的游憩行為——聲景特性的相關(guān)規(guī)律,并進(jìn)一步總結(jié)了聲景的空間分布,作為對(duì)聲景主客觀評(píng)價(jià)的補(bǔ)充研究。 (4)�？诰C合性公園聲景現(xiàn)狀的不足之處：聲景的區(qū)域特色不明顯、人工聲過(guò)重、聲景要素的缺乏、缺乏對(duì)聲景的認(rèn)識(shí)和管理。 (5)根據(jù)研究結(jié)果,結(jié)合相關(guān)理論基礎(chǔ),提煉�？谧鳛闊釒糜纬鞘械牡赜蛱厥庑�、熱帶自然資源的豐富性、文化特殊性等因素,以負(fù)設(shè)計(jì)——減弱或消除評(píng)價(jià)均值較低的聲景要素,正設(shè)計(jì)——增加區(qū)域特色和人們喜愛(ài)的聲景要素,零設(shè)計(jì)——對(duì)公園好的聲音進(jìn)行保護(hù),這三種設(shè)計(jì)方法提出改善聲景的建議。
[Abstract]:City comprehensive parks, major public space of people engaging in outdoor activities, is an important carrier of people's spiritual life. With the improvement of living standards, the overall quality of the environment more and more designers and park visitors attention. But for a long time, the design has been focusing on the visual angle of the park, ignore the auditory and acoustic environment the concept of soundscape design. With the introduction and spread in China, people began to re-examine the park landscape in the sound environment and sound perception of the listener's attention.
In this paper, environmental psychology, psychological acoustics, landscape ecology, space and place theory and recreational behavior under the guidance of theoretical knowledge, conducted a field survey of typical soundscape comprehensive park in Haikou has been built. The change of each measuring point level people's Park and white Baishamen Park in each period was determined by professional equipment, do the analysis and evaluation of the soundscape characteristics. Through the questionnaire survey, to understand the subjective assessment on the status of park visitors park soundscape, and Li Ke scale method for data processing and analysis, the results show that:
(1) Haikou comprehensive park soundscape characteristics, mainly by the natural sound, sound and sound of artificial life form, the size and proportion on the use of the surrounding environment and parks, and analyzed the sound source characteristics, time distribution. In the objective evaluation of the soundscape, mainly to the park level of each measuring point size the degree of noise, are analyzed and summarized.
(2) the visitors in the subjective evaluation of the soundscape Park, analyzes several important indicators of soundscape evaluation, subjective loudness, favorability and coordination degree, selection of travel and love love of the ten elements of sound. Through positive correlation with degree and coordination degree mean score, indicating that the sound and the surrounding environment is a common whole soundscape is one of the most important elements in the landscape environment.
(3) the study of "place behavior soundscape", typical space characteristic analysis in the park, related law places -- people's recreational behavior -- soundscape, and further summarized the distribution of soundscape in space, as a supplement to the study of subjective and objective evaluation of the soundscape.
(4) the shortcomings of the soundscape of Haikou comprehensive park: the regional characteristics of soundscape are not obvious, the manual voice is too heavy, the soundscape elements are lacking, and there is a lack of awareness and management of soundscape.
(5) according to the research results, combined with the related theory, the regionality of extracting Haikou as a tropical tourist city, rich tropical natural resources, cultural and other special factors, in order to reduce or eliminate the negative -- Design of soundscape evaluation mean low, positive design - increase regional characteristics and people's favorite sound the design of landscape elements, zero Park sound protection, put forward to improve the soundscape proposal of these three design methods.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU986.5

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