【摘要】：信訪這一概念肇始于20世紀50年代初,是黨和政府宣傳方針政策、深入了解社情民意、及時化解社會矛盾的重要窗口和陣地,在回應群眾急難愁盼的民生問題、維護社會的穩(wěn)定方面起到了較大的積極作用。但同時,我們也應看到,目前的信訪制度存在一些不合理的地方,例如：信訪這一民意表達方式被無限濫用,信訪權利被無限放大,民眾過度依賴信訪,使信訪制度自身的正確定位日漸模糊,甚至產生變質傾向。涉訴信訪,即經由人民法院判決的訴訟案件被再次提出信訪,以法院為主要受訪機構,按照現(xiàn)有的政策法規(guī),承擔信訪制度的基本功能。隨著越來越多的社會矛盾以案件形式進入司法領域,出現(xiàn)了訴訟與信訪交織、法內處理與法外解決并存的狀況。由于涉訴信訪的門檻低、隨意性大,無時間、條件限制,可反復、隨時提出,成本也僅限于信訪者的時間成本,導致有些群眾“信訪不信法”,邊訴訟邊上訪,訴訟結束后繼續(xù)上訪等問題比較突出,給法院的工作帶來很大壓力,法院的正常審級制度遭到破壞,判決書的司法權威及公正公信受到質疑。為了更好地研究涉訴信訪這一問題,本文結合工作實踐,以民事涉訴信訪為研究重點,主要從民事涉訴信訪制度的概念、性質、成因、現(xiàn)狀等方面著手對該制度進行探討,認為我國民事涉訴信訪制度的存在與發(fā)展具有其理論依據、歷史文化根源和現(xiàn)實基礎,并針對涉訴信訪制度在運行中與民事訴訟法的基本理論與價值相違背的現(xiàn)實,對我國民事涉訴信訪制度的改革提出自已的觀點。全文共分五章。第一章,民事涉訴信訪的概述。首先明確信訪制度的概念與由來,梳理學界對信訪制度的已有認識,然后明確涉訴信訪的基本內涵,界定本文的研究范圍。第二章,民事涉訴信訪的比較研究。運用比較研究的方法,從歷史和地域的角度認識涉訴信訪。分為兩部分。第一部分從歷史發(fā)展的角度介紹我國涉訴信訪制度的形成和演進,闡述新中國確立的涉訴信訪制度的本質；第二部分將信訪制度與境外類似制度作出比較,以供借鑒先進經驗。如瑞典和英國等國家的議會監(jiān)察專員制度和新西蘭、澳大利亞以及我國香港地區(qū)的申訴專員制度等。第三章,民事涉訴信訪的成因與功能。從我國政治文化的根源、司法制度的缺陷和社會大背景三方面解釋涉訴信訪的存在原因；并認為涉訴信訪具有政治、社會和司法三大功能。第四章,涉訴信訪制度的現(xiàn)實狀況和存在的問題。首先,闡述當前民事涉訴信訪量正處于高潮期的現(xiàn)狀；其次,以某基層法院涉訴信訪的運行情況作為研究參考,揭示出目前涉訴信訪存在功能變質問題；最后,分析目前涉訴信訪制度對民事既判力理論、程序正義價值和訟效率價值帶來的沖突。第五章,民事涉訴信訪制度改革的對策建議。分為四部分。第一,指出了改革的基本思路,包括介紹目前理論界對涉訴信訪制度走向的三種學說：即取消說、加強說和弱化說,本文采弱化說,并認為涉訴信訪應“存中求變”；探討涉訴信訪應與民事再審分離；第二,提出構建涉訴信訪法治化運行機制,涉及訴訪分離機制、多元化民事糾紛解決機制、涉訴信訪終結機制和完善民事涉訴信訪法律制度；第三至第四部分探討了通過建立民事再審之訴和民事再審實行強制律師代理制度等改革途徑,完善現(xiàn)有民事涉訴信訪制度,進一步推進法治文明。
[Abstract]:The concept of letters and visits began in the early 1950s, and it was an important window and position for the Party and the government to promote the principles and policies of the Party and the government, and to resolve the social contradictions in a timely manner. The maintenance of the stability of the society has played a great positive role. But at the same time, we should also see that there are some unreasonable places in the present letter-and-petition system, such as the unlimited abuse of the public opinion expression of the letter and petition, the unlimited enlargement of the right of the letter and the letter, the excessive reliance of the people on the letter and the letter, so that the correct positioning of the system itself is becoming more and more vague, and even produce a tendency of deterioration. In the case of a complaint petition, that is, the case of the case, which is decided by the people's court, is put forward again, and the court is the principal part of the visited institution. In accordance with the existing policies and regulations, the system has the basic function of the complaint reporting system. As more and more social contradictions come into the judicial field in the form of cases, the situation of co-existence between the lawsuit and the letter and petition, the treatment and the method in the law is solved. due to the low threshold, the random nature, the no time, the condition limitation, the repetition, the time and the time, the cost is only limited to the time cost of the letters and visits, which leads to the 鈥渓etter and letter non-mail method鈥，

本文編號：2400388