美國(guó)直面成癮——醫(yī)學(xué)總監(jiān)關(guān)于酒精、藥物和健康的報(bào)告
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-18 13:41
【摘要】：1944年美國(guó)的《公共衛(wèi)生法》要求組建公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)署(Public Health Service,PHS),作為當(dāng)時(shí)衛(wèi)生、教育和福利部(現(xiàn)改名為衛(wèi)生和人類服務(wù)部)的一個(gè)重要部門。PHS包括該部所有執(zhí)法的司局以及一支穿制服的執(zhí)法隊(duì)伍,雇用了6 500余名穿制服的公共衛(wèi)生專業(yè)人員,每天24小時(shí)值班,在發(fā)生突發(fā)事件時(shí)由部長(zhǎng)或助理部長(zhǎng)調(diào)遣,目的是提供公共衛(wèi)生、安全和疾病預(yù)防服務(wù),以及推進(jìn)公共衛(wèi)生的科學(xué)研究,其中有環(huán)境和職業(yè)衛(wèi)生、醫(yī)學(xué)、護(hù)理學(xué)、牙醫(yī)、藥學(xué)、社會(huì)工作、醫(yī)院管理、營(yíng)養(yǎng)、工程、科學(xué)、獸醫(yī)、衛(wèi)生信息技術(shù)及其他與衛(wèi)生有關(guān)的專業(yè)人員。執(zhí)法隊(duì)伍成員經(jīng)常奮戰(zhàn)在抗擊疾病和不良衛(wèi)生條件的第一線。PHS由助理部長(zhǎng)監(jiān)管。執(zhí)法隊(duì)伍身穿類似海軍的藍(lán)色制服,其級(jí)別也與海軍類似,這支隊(duì)伍的司令為醫(yī)學(xué)總監(jiān)(surgeon general),授四星Admiral(在海軍里就是海軍上將)或Vice Admiral(相當(dāng)于海軍中將)頭銜,其也是美國(guó)聯(lián)邦政府公共衛(wèi)生問題的主要發(fā)言人,由美國(guó)總統(tǒng)提名,參議院確認(rèn)。醫(yī)學(xué)總監(jiān)是該部的主要顧問,向助理部長(zhǎng)報(bào)告工作,有義務(wù)就公共衛(wèi)生問題教育美國(guó)公眾選擇健康的生活方式。自1966年開始,醫(yī)學(xué)總監(jiān)就一直要求在所有紙煙包裝上印制警告,自1988年起,要求所有酒精飲料包裝上印制警告。2016年11月,衛(wèi)生和人類服務(wù)部發(fā)布《醫(yī)學(xué)總監(jiān)關(guān)于酒精、藥物和健康的報(bào)告》(The Surgeon General’s Report on Alcohol,Drugs,and Health),題為《美國(guó)直面成癮》(Facing Addiction in America),報(bào)告中提出了對(duì)待有精神活性成癮物質(zhì)濫用及其引起的物質(zhì)使用障礙的新進(jìn)路,即公共衛(wèi)生的進(jìn)路,以區(qū)別于目前的刑事司法進(jìn)路。以下內(nèi)容包括美國(guó)現(xiàn)任衛(wèi)生和人類服務(wù)部部長(zhǎng)Sylvia Burwell寫的序言以及該報(bào)告的精選。
[Abstract]:The U.S. Public Health Act of 1944 called for the establishment of the Public Health Service (Public Health Service,PHS) as a health service at the time. An important unit of the Ministry of Education and Welfare (now renamed the Department of Health and Human Services). PHS includes all the Department's law enforcement departments and a uniformed law enforcement force, employing more than 6,500 uniformed public health professionals. 24 hours a day, deployed by the Minister or Assistant Minister in the event of an emergency, with the aim of providing public health, safety and disease prevention services, as well as the promotion of scientific research in public health, including environmental and occupational health, medicine, Nursing, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Social work, Hospital Administration, Nutrition, Engineering, Science, Veterinary Medicine, Health Information Technology and other Health related Professionals. Members of the law enforcement force often fight the front line in the fight against disease and poor sanitation. The PHS is overseen by assistant ministers. The law enforcement team wore a navy-like blue uniform, similar to the navy, whose commander gave the medical director, (surgeon general), a four-star Admiral (in the Navy) or a Vice Admiral (equivalent of a lieutenant general. It is also the main public health spokesman for the federal government, nominated by the U.S. President and confirmed by the Senate. The medical director, who is the department's principal advisor, reports to the assistant secretary and is obliged to educate the American public on public health issues to choose a healthy lifestyle Since 1966, the medical director has been requiring warnings to be printed on all cigarette packages, and since 1988 on all alcoholic beverage packages. In November 2016, the Department of Health and Human Services issued the Director of Health and Human Services report on Alcohol. The report on drugs and Health. The (The Surgeon General's Report on Alcohol,Drugs,and Health), report, "straight face Addiction in the United States," the (Facing Addiction in America), report suggests new approaches to substance abuse and the associated substance use disorders associated with psychoactive addiction. That is, the path of public health, to distinguish from the current criminal justice approach. The following include a preface by the current Secretary of Health and Human Services, Sylvia Burwell, and a selection of the report.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院哲學(xué)研究所;
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2;DD912.1;R-05
[Abstract]:The U.S. Public Health Act of 1944 called for the establishment of the Public Health Service (Public Health Service,PHS) as a health service at the time. An important unit of the Ministry of Education and Welfare (now renamed the Department of Health and Human Services). PHS includes all the Department's law enforcement departments and a uniformed law enforcement force, employing more than 6,500 uniformed public health professionals. 24 hours a day, deployed by the Minister or Assistant Minister in the event of an emergency, with the aim of providing public health, safety and disease prevention services, as well as the promotion of scientific research in public health, including environmental and occupational health, medicine, Nursing, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Social work, Hospital Administration, Nutrition, Engineering, Science, Veterinary Medicine, Health Information Technology and other Health related Professionals. Members of the law enforcement force often fight the front line in the fight against disease and poor sanitation. The PHS is overseen by assistant ministers. The law enforcement team wore a navy-like blue uniform, similar to the navy, whose commander gave the medical director, (surgeon general), a four-star Admiral (in the Navy) or a Vice Admiral (equivalent of a lieutenant general. It is also the main public health spokesman for the federal government, nominated by the U.S. President and confirmed by the Senate. The medical director, who is the department's principal advisor, reports to the assistant secretary and is obliged to educate the American public on public health issues to choose a healthy lifestyle Since 1966, the medical director has been requiring warnings to be printed on all cigarette packages, and since 1988 on all alcoholic beverage packages. In November 2016, the Department of Health and Human Services issued the Director of Health and Human Services report on Alcohol. The report on drugs and Health. The (The Surgeon General's Report on Alcohol,Drugs,and Health), report, "straight face Addiction in the United States," the (Facing Addiction in America), report suggests new approaches to substance abuse and the associated substance use disorders associated with psychoactive addiction. That is, the path of public health, to distinguish from the current criminal justice approach. The following include a preface by the current Secretary of Health and Human Services, Sylvia Burwell, and a selection of the report.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院哲學(xué)研究所;
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2;DD912.1;R-05
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