【摘要】：土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)是我國一項重要物權(quán)制度,法律對其承包主體有著嚴(yán)格的身份限制。作為一項重要的財產(chǎn)權(quán),土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)要不斷的適用市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的需要。為建立現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè),發(fā)展農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì),提高農(nóng)民的收入,加快實現(xiàn)社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè),必須對當(dāng)前農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)制度進(jìn)行改革。土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)改革的第一步就是要理清士地的產(chǎn)權(quán)制度,產(chǎn)權(quán)制度不清晰土地就難以順利的實習(xí)流轉(zhuǎn),也就難以提高農(nóng)民的土地流轉(zhuǎn)收益。法律對不同承包方式取得土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)作出不同的規(guī)定,對通過其他方式取得土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)限制較少,允許其轉(zhuǎn)讓、出租、互換、抵押、入股等方式流轉(zhuǎn)。但對家庭承包的土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)則限制過多,只允許其轉(zhuǎn)讓、出租、互換等方式流轉(zhuǎn),法律還不允許抵押和入股,法律對家庭土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)的限制,不僅限制了土地規(guī)模經(jīng)營,剝奪農(nóng)民的家庭承包融資的機(jī)會。對土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)的流轉(zhuǎn),立法上也經(jīng)歷了一個從不承認(rèn)到逐步承認(rèn)再到確立流轉(zhuǎn)漫長演變過程�；谕恋氐纳姹Ｕ瞎δ�、土地自由流轉(zhuǎn)可能導(dǎo)致土地集中兼并等社會問題的擔(dān)憂,立法上對土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)設(shè)置了諸多限制。因此理論界和實務(wù)界都在不斷的對家庭承包經(jīng)營權(quán)的流轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)制進(jìn)行探索。 土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)制度的變遷,標(biāo)示著我國土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)制度在我國現(xiàn)在還處于才起步階段,與國外成熟的農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)制度相比較缺少可借鑒的經(jīng)驗?zāi)Ｊ?需要國家立法機(jī)關(guān)不斷汲取國外的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗,同時也要根據(jù)實際情況允許各地不斷進(jìn)行探索。目前全國各地也在對土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)行著各種形式的實踐創(chuàng)新,各地實踐創(chuàng)新中的問題由此也日益凸顯,需要我們不斷深入的理論研究和制度創(chuàng)新的實踐來加以解決和完善。筆者根據(jù)在各地的調(diào)查研究,總結(jié)了一些個人的觀點見解,希望以此能對我國農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)制度的探索和完善提供一些有益的嘗試。
[Abstract]:Land contractual management right is an important real right system in our country, and the law has strict status restriction on its contracting subject. As an important property right, the right of land contract management should be continuously applied to the reform of market economy system. In order to establish modern agriculture, develop rural economy, raise farmers' income and accelerate the construction of new socialist countryside, we must reform the current system of contracted management right of rural land. The first step in the reform of land contractual management right is to clarify the property right system of the land. If the property right system is not clear, it is difficult to transfer the land smoothly, and it is difficult to improve the land circulation income of the peasants. The law makes different regulations on the transfer of land contractual management rights in different contracting ways, and has less restrictions on the transfer of land contractual management rights through other means, allowing them to transfer, lease, exchange, mortgage, and share ownership. However, there are too many restrictions on the transfer of the right to contract and manage the land contracted by the family. It is only allowed to transfer, lease, swap, and so on. The law does not allow mortgage or equity, and the law limits the transfer of the right to contract and manage the household land. Not only limited the scale of land management, depriving farmers of the opportunity to contract financing. The circulation of the right of land contract management has also undergone a long process of legislative evolution from never acknowledging to gradually acknowledging and then to establishing the circulation. Based on the function of land survival and security, the free circulation of land may lead to some social problems such as centralized annexation of land, so there are many restrictions on the transfer of land contract management right in legislation. Therefore, the theoretical and practical circles are constantly exploring the circulation mechanism of the right of household contracted management. The change of the transfer system of land contract management right indicates that the transfer system of land contract management right in our country is still in its infancy, and it lacks the experience mode which can be used for reference compared with the mature farmland transfer system abroad. It is necessary for national legislatures to draw on foreign advanced experience and to make continuous exploration according to the actual situation. At present, all parts of the country are carrying out various forms of practical innovation on the transfer of the land contractual management right, and the problems in the practice and innovation are becoming increasingly prominent. Need us to deepen the theoretical research and the practice of institutional innovation to solve and improve. Based on the investigation and research in various places, the author summarizes the opinions of some individuals, hoping to provide some beneficial attempts for the exploration and improvement of the circulation system of the contracted management right of rural land in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.32;D923.2

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