【摘要】：衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在公共衛(wèi)生行政執(zhí)法工作中發(fā)揮著重要作用，是監(jiān)督執(zhí)法的重要依據(jù)。相比其他行政執(zhí)法領(lǐng)域，衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督工作更加強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)技術(shù)的依賴。往往以專業(yè)技術(shù)規(guī)范為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，運(yùn)用科學(xué)技術(shù)手段，通過檢測、由數(shù)據(jù)來判定執(zhí)法對(duì)象的合法性。 本文以衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為主要研究對(duì)象，從行政法學(xué)視角對(duì)衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的定位、法律性質(zhì)進(jìn)行觀察、分析。以此為基礎(chǔ)，從衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀、實(shí)踐效果、案例等對(duì)上海市嘉定區(qū)近年來的工作數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行評(píng)析，凸顯衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在執(zhí)法過程中遭遇的困境。衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)反映社會(huì)公共的健康安全意志，為公共主體行為提供導(dǎo)向，具有不同于一般意義上的法律特征。隨著行政部門的強(qiáng)勢擴(kuò)張，將一些本應(yīng)屬于多個(gè)社會(huì)群體共同利益的問題一并納入行政管理，，引發(fā)沖突，使得執(zhí)法遭遇爭議與難題。本文首先對(duì)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督工作中運(yùn)用衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的法律依據(jù)進(jìn)行梳理、歸納，從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化法、衛(wèi)生法律法規(guī)、衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督工作職責(zé)三方面進(jìn)行總結(jié)。第二部分從形式、實(shí)質(zhì)兩方面對(duì)衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的法律性質(zhì)進(jìn)行判斷。第三部分將分類統(tǒng)計(jì)嘉定區(qū)近幾年行政處罰、行政許可、監(jiān)督檢測工作數(shù)據(jù)，對(duì)涉及衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的處罰案由情況、運(yùn)用衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行行政處罰的情況、許可中運(yùn)用衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的狀況、監(jiān)督監(jiān)測工作量等，通過數(shù)據(jù)分析以掌握現(xiàn)狀。此外，根據(jù)近幾年部分地區(qū)開展的衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)用衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的調(diào)查情況，分析衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督人員總體應(yīng)用能力不盡如人意的原因。第四部分，從制定體系、衛(wèi)生法律法規(guī)條款本身、衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的執(zhí)行性、各類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之間的沖突等方面輔之以相關(guān)案例說明衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督工作中面臨困境的原因。最后，分析說明衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所具有的內(nèi)在社會(huì)屬性，由此引入社會(huì)自治理念，從社會(huì)多元參與加入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定體系、多方協(xié)商、重視標(biāo)準(zhǔn)成效的驗(yàn)證等方面提出對(duì)策。
[Abstract]:Health standard plays an important role in public health administration law enforcement and is the important basis for supervising law enforcement. In contrast to other areas of administrative law enforcement, health supervision emphasizes more reliance on technology. The legality of law enforcement objects is often judged by means of science and technology, by means of detection and by data. In this paper, health standards as the main research object, from the perspective of administrative law to the positioning of health standards, the legal nature of observation, analysis. On the basis of this, this paper analyzes the working data of Jiading District in Shanghai in recent years from the application status, practical effect and case of health standards, and highlights the difficulties encountered by health standards in the process of enforcing the law. The health standard reflects the will of public health and safety, and provides guidance for the behavior of public subject, which is different from the legal characteristics in general sense. With the strong expansion of the administrative departments, some problems which should belong to the common interests of many social groups are brought into the administrative management together, causing conflicts and making law enforcement encounter disputes and difficulties. In this paper, the legal basis for the application of health standards in the work of health supervision is combed and summarized, including standardization law, health laws and regulations, and duties of health supervision. The second part judges the legal nature of health standards from two aspects: form and substance. The third part will classify and statistics the data of administrative punishment, administrative license, supervision and inspection work in Jiading District in recent years, as well as the situation of punishment cases involving health standards, and the use of health standards to carry out administrative penalties. Permit the use of health standards, supervision and monitoring workload, through data analysis to grasp the current situation. In addition, according to the investigation on the application of hygiene standards by health supervision agencies in some areas in recent years, the reasons why the overall application ability of health supervisors are not satisfactory are analyzed. The fourth part, from the formulation system, the provisions of health laws and regulations itself, the implementation of health standards, the conflict between various standards and other aspects of the relevant cases to explain the health standards in the work of health supervision difficulties. Finally, the paper analyzes and explains the inherent social attributes of health standards, and then introduces the concept of social autonomy, and puts forward some countermeasures from the aspects of social participation in the establishment of standards, consultation, and emphasis on the effectiveness of standards.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.16

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 宋華琳;;中國食品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)法律制度研究[J];公共行政評(píng)論;2011年02期

2 劉長秋;;作為軟法的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究——以衛(wèi)生行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為視角[J];北京理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2013年02期

3 孫波;朱文玲;耿莉;王艷;金鑫;姚孝元;;游泳場所衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的初步探討[J];環(huán)境與健康雜志;2012年01期

4 林良亮;;標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與軟法的契合——論標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作為軟法的表現(xiàn)形式[J];沈陽大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2010年03期

5 姜曉燕;周舜元;李小娟;;我國放射衛(wèi)生防護(hù)法律法規(guī)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)概況[J];中國輻射衛(wèi)生;2011年02期

6 趙同剛;;衛(wèi)生法治的回顧與思考[J];中國衛(wèi)生法制;2009年01期

7 鄭云雁;我國衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制修訂工作的管理及存在問題[J];中國衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督雜志;2005年02期

8 趙同剛;陳銳;何翔;陳文;蔣虹麗;孫梅;郝模;;衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督與法制社會(huì)[J];中國衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督雜志;2007年02期

9 周曉苓;師曉寧;莊琳;周密;周艷琴;;上海市衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督員應(yīng)用衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)能力的調(diào)查思考[J];中國衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督雜志;2007年06期

10 谷力;周雙橋;張軍;李春生;;中國衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督五十年的法理學(xué)研究[J];中國衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督雜志;2009年02期

本文編號(hào)：2318235