【摘要】：適足住房權(quán)（the right to adequate housing）不僅是一項(xiàng)基本人權(quán)，更是一項(xiàng)實(shí)然意義上的法律權(quán)利。“無救濟(jì)則無權(quán)利”，在權(quán)利受到侵犯時，應(yīng)當(dāng)擁有合理的救濟(jì)手段加以救濟(jì)，尤其是司法救濟(jì)或者準(zhǔn)司法救濟(jì)。然而，適足住房權(quán)的司法救濟(jì)或準(zhǔn)司法救濟(jì)之路卻坎坷不平，存在很多爭議。為此，本文在厘清適足住房權(quán)和可訴性的基本概念基礎(chǔ)之上，對否定適足住房權(quán)具有可訴性的理由進(jìn)行梳理和分析，從而證明適足住房權(quán)具有可訴性。與此同時，，結(jié)合有關(guān)案例分析國際層面和國家層面實(shí)現(xiàn)適足住房權(quán)可訴性的運(yùn)行機(jī)理，試圖探尋我國實(shí)現(xiàn)適足住房權(quán)具有可訴性的可能路徑。全文由緒論、正文和結(jié)語組成，其中正文共分為四個部分。 第一部分是適足住房權(quán)可訴性的基本概念界定，主要是厘清適足住房權(quán)和可訴性兩個概念的內(nèi)涵。筆者認(rèn)為，適足住房權(quán)的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)由聯(lián)合國經(jīng)社文權(quán)利委員會頒布的《第四號一般性意見：適足住房權(quán)》進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡釋，該解釋具有規(guī)范性和權(quán)威性。因此，適足住房權(quán)的權(quán)利內(nèi)容是明確的且各締約國負(fù)有遵守的義務(wù)。同時，適足住房權(quán)的性質(zhì)具有人權(quán)屬性和法律屬性�？稍V性的概念不能作狹隘解釋——僅僅理解為司法機(jī)關(guān)的裁判，而應(yīng)當(dāng)作廣義的理解，除了司法機(jī)關(guān)的裁判以外，還包括準(zhǔn)司法機(jī)構(gòu)的裁判。簡言之，可以理解為“將權(quán)利提交第三方裁決”。 第二部分是適足住房權(quán)具有可訴性的理論證成。筆者梳理了否定適足住房權(quán)具有可訴性的理由，主要有四個方面，分別為積極權(quán)利不可訴、權(quán)利內(nèi)容模糊、權(quán)利成本高昂和影響權(quán)力分立。筆者對這四個方面內(nèi)容分別加以分析和批判，從而論證適足住房權(quán)具有可訴性。 第三部分是適足住房權(quán)可訴性的司法實(shí)踐。這部分主要是結(jié)合有關(guān)案例分析適足住房權(quán)可訴性的運(yùn)行機(jī)理，從兩個方面展開論述：一是國際和區(qū)際層面的準(zhǔn)司法救濟(jì)，包括聯(lián)合國經(jīng)社文權(quán)利委員會、歐洲社會權(quán)利委員會和其他人權(quán)監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)；二是國家層面的司法救濟(jì)，包括直接救濟(jì)和間接救濟(jì)。 第四部分則是筆者試圖探尋中國語境下適足住房權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)可訴性的可能路徑。筆者認(rèn)為，國際條約在我國的效力問題、行政訴訟受案范圍的狹窄及憲法司法化難題阻礙著中國適足住房權(quán)的可訴性。在現(xiàn)實(shí)條件下，可以分層次實(shí)現(xiàn)適足住房權(quán)的可訴性，即尊重義務(wù)具有完全可訴性，保護(hù)義務(wù)具有部分可訴性，實(shí)現(xiàn)義務(wù)具有有限可訴性。與此同時，還需合理完善相關(guān)制度保障實(shí)施，主要有擴(kuò)大行政訴訟的受案范圍、建立公益訴訟制度和提高法院的司法能力。
[Abstract]:The right to adequate housing (the right to adequate housing) is not only a basic human right, but also a real legal right. "No remedy, no right", when the right is violated, there should be reasonable relief means, especially judicial relief or quasi-judicial relief. However, the judicial or quasi-judicial remedy of the right to adequate housing is bumpy and controversial. Therefore, on the basis of clarifying the basic concepts of the right to adequate housing and justiciability, this paper combs and analyzes the reasons why the right to adequate housing is actionable, thus proves that the right to adequate housing is actionable. At the same time, by analyzing the operational mechanism of the realization of the right to adequate housing at the international and national levels, the author tries to explore the possible path to the realization of the right to adequate housing in China. The full text consists of introduction, text and conclusion, in which the text is divided into four parts. The first part is the definition of the basic concept of the right to adequate housing justiciability, mainly to clarify the connotation of the two concepts of the right to adequate housing and justiciability. The author holds that the content of the right to adequate housing has been explained in detail by the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in its General comment No. 4: the right to adequate Housing, which is normative and authoritative. The right to adequate housing is therefore explicit and the obligation of States parties to comply is clear. At the same time, the nature of the right to adequate housing has human rights and legal attributes. The concept of justiciability cannot be narrowly interpreted-it should be understood only as a decision of a judicial organ, but as a broad understanding, including the decision of a quasi-judicial body, in addition to the decision of a judicial organ. In short, it can be understood as "submitting a right to a third party award". The second part is the theoretical proof that the right to adequate housing is actionable. The author combs the reasons why the right to adequate housing is actionable, mainly in four aspects: the positive right is non-actionable, the content of the right is vague, the cost of the right is high and the power separation is affected. The author analyzes and criticizes the four aspects, and proves that the right to adequate housing is actionable. The third part is the judicial practice of the justiciability of the right to adequate housing. This part mainly discusses the operational mechanism of the justiciability of the right to adequate housing in the light of relevant case studies: first, quasi-judicial remedies at the international and interregional levels, including the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, European Commission of Social Rights and other human rights monitoring bodies; second, judicial remedies at the national level, both direct and indirect. The fourth part is the author tries to explore the Chinese context of the right to adequate housing to achieve the possible path of litigability. The author believes that the validity of international treaties in China, the narrow scope of administrative litigation and the problem of constitutional judicature hinder the justiciability of the right to adequate housing in China. Under the realistic conditions, the right to adequate housing can be realized in different levels, that is, the obligation to respect is completely actionable, the obligation to protect is partially actionable, and the obligation to realize is limited. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the implementation of relevant systems reasonably, mainly to expand the scope of accepting cases in administrative proceedings, to establish the system of public interest litigation and to improve the judicial capacity of the courts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.29

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本文編號：2215544