【摘要】：《食品安全法》的法律實(shí)效：頒布實(shí)施后的《食品安全法》所產(chǎn)生的法律效果的狀況,這種法律效果指能控制食品潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),不對(duì)人們的生命與健康造成損害,創(chuàng)造和維持一個(gè)安全的食品生產(chǎn)、流通秩序,而這種法律效果的產(chǎn)生以《食品安全法》在實(shí)際生活中被遵守、執(zhí)行和適用為前提條件。對(duì)《食品安全法》的法律實(shí)效好壞的判斷應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循客觀秩序標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與主觀滿意度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相統(tǒng)一的原則。法律規(guī)范因素、強(qiáng)制力因素、社會(huì)因素構(gòu)成了獲得《食品安全法》的法律實(shí)效的全部?jī)?nèi)容,三者共同構(gòu)成了一個(gè)三角形的穩(wěn)定地推動(dòng)好的《食品安全法》的法律實(shí)效實(shí)現(xiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)。 以主觀態(tài)度為區(qū)分食品安全事件的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),可以把我國(guó)食品安全事件分為主觀故意類型的食品安全事件與主觀過失類型的食品安全事件。當(dāng)前各種觸目驚心的食品安全事件屢禁不止,影響了人們正常的生活秩序,引起整個(gè)社會(huì)的不滿,可以認(rèn)定《食品安全法》的法律實(shí)效不佳。當(dāng)前應(yīng)當(dāng)重點(diǎn)解決的是以傷害消費(fèi)者生命、健康的方式為謀取利益的手段的主觀故意的惡性食品安全事件。與《食品安全法》的法律實(shí)效的內(nèi)容的三個(gè)部分相對(duì)應(yīng),惡性食品安全事件發(fā)生的原因也正是來源于社會(huì)、法律規(guī)范、監(jiān)管三個(gè)方面。 要想遏制住惡性食品安全事件的發(fā)生,使《食品安全法》獲得好的法律實(shí)效,必須全面考慮社會(huì)因素、法律規(guī)范因素、監(jiān)管因素。具體途徑包括：樹立企業(yè)食品安全理念,食品安全作為基本人權(quán)“生存權(quán)”的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容,保障食品安全也是食品提供者的一項(xiàng)基本義務(wù),企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)樹立相應(yīng)的食品安全責(zé)任理念；完善《食品安全法》責(zé)任制度,當(dāng)前最重要的任務(wù)是完善懲罰性賠償制度和刑事責(zé)任制度,但不是簡(jiǎn)單加重違法者責(zé)任,而是需要進(jìn)行全面的考慮,讓制度能夠切實(shí)地起到遏制違法事件發(fā)生的目的；嚴(yán)格食品安全監(jiān)管制度,監(jiān)管不力的最主要原因在于多部門監(jiān)管體制帶來的監(jiān)管漏洞以及對(duì)監(jiān)管行為的規(guī)范不到位,因此要重新整合監(jiān)管部門的職責(zé)以及制約監(jiān)管權(quán)力,這也體現(xiàn)的既要保障權(quán)力又要制約權(quán)力的關(guān)系；建構(gòu)社會(huì)共治體系,需要消費(fèi)者、普通公眾、經(jīng)營(yíng)者、新聞媒體和職業(yè)打假者各盡其力,同時(shí)社會(huì)共治體系應(yīng)當(dāng)是在政府推動(dòng)下建構(gòu)的,因此政府應(yīng)當(dāng)通過建構(gòu)社會(huì)共治的宣傳制度、執(zhí)行制度、利益制度以及行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)制度。
[Abstract]:The legal effectiveness of the Food Safety Act: the state of the legal effects of the Food Safety Act after its enactment, which refers to the ability to control the potential risks of food without causing harm to people's lives and health. To create and maintain a safe food production and circulation order, and this legal effect is based on the fact that the Food Safety Law is observed, enforced and applied in real life. The judgment of the law effectiveness of the Food Safety Law should follow the principle of the unity of objective order standard and subjective satisfaction standard. Legal normative factors, coercive factors, and social factors constitute the full content of obtaining the legal effectiveness of the Food Safety Law. Together, they constitute a triangular structure that steadily promotes the legal effectiveness of the good Food Safety Law. According to subjective attitude, food safety events in China can be divided into subjective intentional food safety incidents and subjective negligent food safety events. At present, all kinds of shocking food safety incidents have been forbidden repeatedly, which have affected people's normal order of life and caused dissatisfaction of the whole society. It can be concluded that the law effectiveness of the Food Safety Law is not good. At present, we should focus on solving the subjective and intentional malignant food safety incidents which harm consumers' lives and health as a means of seeking benefits. Corresponding to the three parts of the content of the law effectiveness of the Food Safety Law, the causes of the vicious food safety incidents also come from three aspects: the society, the legal norms and the supervision. In order to control the occurrence of the malignant food safety incidents and make the Food Safety Law obtain good legal effect, we must take into account the social factors, the legal normative factors and the regulatory factors in an all-round way. The specific approaches include: establishing the concept of food safety in enterprises, food safety as an important part of the basic human right "the right to life", and ensuring food safety is also a basic obligation of food providers. Enterprises should set up the corresponding concept of food safety responsibility, perfect the responsibility system of "Food Safety Law", the most important task at present is to perfect the system of punitive damages and criminal liability, but not simply to increase the liability of violators, Instead, we need to consider comprehensively so that the system can effectively curb the occurrence of illegal incidents; and strictly regulate the food safety system. The main reason for the weak supervision lies in the regulatory loopholes brought by the multi-sector regulatory system and the lack of regulation of the regulatory behavior, so we should reintegrate the responsibilities of the regulatory authorities and restrict the regulatory powers. This also reflects the relationship between protecting power and restricting power; the construction of a system of social co-governance requires the efforts of consumers, the general public, operators, the news media and professional counterfeiters. At the same time, the social co-governance system should be constructed under the push of the government, so the government should construct the propaganda system, the executive system, the benefit system and the trade association system of social co-governance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.16

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 馬英娟;監(jiān)管的語義辨析[J];法學(xué)雜志;2005年05期

2 余暉;受管制市場(chǎng)里的政企同盟──以中國(guó)電信產(chǎn)業(yè)為例[J];中國(guó)工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì);2000年01期

3 王志祥;何恒攀;;論我國(guó)食品安全犯罪的刑事政策[J];法治研究;2012年12期

4 劉新少;;行政監(jiān)管范圍確立的反思及其制度構(gòu)建[J];社會(huì)科學(xué)家;2010年11期

5 宋世明;試論從“部門行政”向“公共行政”的轉(zhuǎn)型[J];上海行政學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2002年04期

6 葛洪義;社會(huì)團(tuán)結(jié)中的法律——略論涂爾干社會(huì)理論中的法律思想[J];現(xiàn)代法學(xué);2000年04期

7 左袖陽(yáng);;中美食品安全刑事立法特征比較分析[J];中國(guó)刑事法雜志;2012年01期

8 王利明;懲罰性賠償研究[J];中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué);2000年04期

9 李建琴,王詩(shī)宗;民間商會(huì)與地方政府:權(quán)力博弈、互動(dòng)機(jī)制與現(xiàn)實(shí)局限[J];中共浙江省委黨校學(xué)報(bào);2005年05期

10 陳康團(tuán);政府行政能力與政府財(cái)力資源問題研究[J];中國(guó)行政管理;2000年08期

，

本文編號(hào)：2177557