【摘要】：論文梳理了我國(guó)行政問(wèn)責(zé)制的基本理論,重點(diǎn)探討了憲法依據(jù)和法理基礎(chǔ)。能夠作為我國(guó)行政問(wèn)責(zé)制憲法依據(jù)的,包括人民主權(quán)原則、人民監(jiān)督原則、國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)的責(zé)任制原則、國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)之間的相互關(guān)系、行政問(wèn)責(zé)制的憲政意蘊(yùn)。能夠作為我國(guó)行政問(wèn)責(zé)制法理基礎(chǔ)的,包括權(quán)力制約理論、責(zé)任政府理論、政府法治理論和善治理論。我國(guó)行政問(wèn)責(zé)制的法治路徑進(jìn)程理應(yīng)隨著社會(huì)主義民主法治的進(jìn)程而不斷發(fā)展和完善。縱向分析新中國(guó)成立尤其是2003年“非典”問(wèn)責(zé)“風(fēng)暴”以來(lái)的發(fā)展進(jìn)程,我國(guó)行政問(wèn)責(zé)制的發(fā)展路徑大體上是按照人治——法制——法治的階段逐漸演進(jìn)。橫向分析建國(guó)以來(lái)各個(gè)歷史時(shí)期行政問(wèn)責(zé)制的發(fā)展路徑,“人治”往往體現(xiàn)為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)重視和發(fā)動(dòng)問(wèn)責(zé),“法制”多體現(xiàn)為對(duì)問(wèn)責(zé)制度的探索,都帶有明顯的“政府主導(dǎo)型”特征;“法治”則更多地落實(shí)在問(wèn)責(zé)的實(shí)踐探索,注重政府與社會(huì)的良性互動(dòng)。研究新中國(guó)成立以來(lái)行政問(wèn)責(zé)的發(fā)展路徑,包括領(lǐng)導(dǎo)重視和發(fā)動(dòng)、制度探索、實(shí)踐探索、問(wèn)責(zé)主要類型等,以及法治路徑面臨的主要問(wèn)題,對(duì)于推進(jìn)我國(guó)行政問(wèn)責(zé)制法治路徑的發(fā)展完善具有重要的意義。我國(guó)行政問(wèn)責(zé)制沿著法治路徑進(jìn)一步發(fā)展和完善,需要加強(qiáng)“頂層設(shè)計(jì)”。行政問(wèn)責(zé)要逐步走向黨委、人大、政府、司法、政協(xié)等當(dāng)代中國(guó)政治權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)主體的權(quán)力問(wèn)責(zé)。在我國(guó)行政問(wèn)責(zé)制的法治路徑進(jìn)程中,從行政問(wèn)責(zé)走向權(quán)力問(wèn)責(zé),也是擺脫人治、走向法治的漸進(jìn)過(guò)程。只要從根本上有利于加強(qiáng)和改善黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),有利于我國(guó)民主政治發(fā)展、責(zé)任政府建設(shè),就可以大膽推進(jìn)監(jiān)督問(wèn)責(zé)�，F(xiàn)階段應(yīng)大力推進(jìn)行政問(wèn)責(zé)。行政問(wèn)責(zé)制必須建立在嚴(yán)格的權(quán)責(zé)劃分之上,需要妥善處理黨委與政府的權(quán)責(zé)界限,明確劃分政府內(nèi)部的權(quán)責(zé)關(guān)系。我國(guó)行政問(wèn)責(zé)制的法治路徑建設(shè)需要加強(qiáng)法制建設(shè)。為了確保行政問(wèn)責(zé)制真正成為一種長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制,在現(xiàn)有的監(jiān)督問(wèn)責(zé)框架下,在整合現(xiàn)有法律、法規(guī)、規(guī)章、文件中有關(guān)行政問(wèn)責(zé)規(guī)定的基礎(chǔ)上,以《關(guān)于實(shí)行黨政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部問(wèn)責(zé)的暫行規(guī)定》、《行政監(jiān)察法》和《公務(wù)員法》以及相關(guān)法律法規(guī)為依據(jù),構(gòu)建一部專門(mén)的、完備的問(wèn)責(zé)法,明確政府的等級(jí)責(zé)任、職業(yè)責(zé)任、法律責(zé)任和政治責(zé)任,明確行政問(wèn)責(zé)的主體、對(duì)象、范圍、方式、程序、救濟(jì)、立法銜接等,使行政問(wèn)責(zé)這一監(jiān)督形式得以依法、有效、健康開(kāi)展。還要完善行政問(wèn)責(zé)配套制度,如政府信息公開(kāi)機(jī)制、政府績(jī)效評(píng)估機(jī)制、行政道德責(zé)任機(jī)制等。完善我國(guó)行政問(wèn)責(zé)制的法治路徑還必須大力推進(jìn)法治實(shí)踐。大力推進(jìn)行政問(wèn)責(zé)制的法治實(shí)踐的關(guān)鍵在于,以專門(mén)的、完備的問(wèn)責(zé)法律制度為前提和依據(jù),以問(wèn)責(zé)信息公開(kāi)透明、加強(qiáng)政府績(jī)效評(píng)估和行政道德責(zé)任機(jī)制落實(shí)為重要保障,發(fā)揮同體問(wèn)責(zé)和異體問(wèn)責(zé)的雙重作用,社會(huì)公眾廣泛參與、政府與社會(huì)良性互動(dòng)形成合力,共同落實(shí)對(duì)黨政機(jī)關(guān)及其工作人員的全方位問(wèn)責(zé)。在落實(shí)同體問(wèn)責(zé)方面,加強(qiáng)黨內(nèi)和行政機(jī)關(guān)內(nèi)部的監(jiān)督問(wèn)責(zé)。在落實(shí)異體問(wèn)責(zé)方面,健全和強(qiáng)化人大、政協(xié)、司法機(jī)關(guān)、新聞媒體以及公民的監(jiān)督問(wèn)責(zé)。
[Abstract]:This paper has combed the basic theory of the administrative accountability system in our country, focusing on the constitutional basis and legal basis. It can be the basis of the constitution of the administrative accountability system in our country, including the principle of the people's sovereignty, the principle of the people's supervision, the principle of the responsibility system of the state organs, the interrelationship between the state organs and the constitutional meaning of the administrative accountability system. The legal basis of the administrative accountability system in China includes the theory of power restriction, the theory of the responsible government, the government's rule of law theory and the theory of good governance. The process of the rule of law of the administrative accountability system in China should be developed and perfected continuously with the process of socialist democratic rule of law. The vertical analysis of the "storm" of the "SARS" in 2003, especially in the "SARS", is the vertical analysis of the new China. Since the process of development, the development path of administrative accountability system in our country is gradually evolving in accordance with the stage of the rule of law - the rule of law - the development path of administrative accountability system in every historical period since the founding of the people's Republic. "The rule of man" is often reflected by the attention and accountability of the leaders, and the "legal system" is embodied in the system of accountability. The exploration has obvious characteristics of "government led", and the rule of law is more implemented in the practice and exploration of accountability, paying more attention to the benign interaction between the government and the society. The study of the development path of administrative accountability since the founding of new China, including the importance and launching of the leadership, the exploration of the system, the practice and exploration, the main types of accountability, and the path of the rule of law. The main problem is of great significance to the development and perfection of the path of the rule of law in China's administrative accountability system. The administrative accountability system in China is further developed and perfected along the path of the rule of law. It needs to strengthen the "top level design". Administrative accountability should gradually move towards the Party committee, the people's Congress, the government, the judiciary, the Political Consultative Conference and other contemporary Chinese political power structures. In the course of the rule of law in the administrative accountability system of our country, from the administrative accountability to the power accountability, it is also the gradual process of getting rid of the rule of man and going to the rule of law. As long as it is beneficial to strengthen and improve the leadership of the party, it is beneficial to the development of democratic politics in our country and the construction of the responsible government, and we can boldly promote the supervision and accountability at the present stage. The administrative accountability system must be vigorously promoted. The administrative accountability system must be based on the strict division of power and responsibility. It is necessary to properly handle the right and responsibility boundary between the Party committee and the government and clearly divide the relationship between the power and responsibility within the government. The construction of the rule of law in the administrative accountability system in China needs to strengthen the legal construction. On the basis of the existing supervision and accountability framework, based on the integration of the existing laws, regulations, regulations, and documents concerning administrative accountability, based on the Interim Provisions on the implementation of the accountability of the leading cadres of the party and the government, the administrative supervision law, the civil service law and the relevant laws and regulations, a special, complete accountability law is established to clarify the government. Grade responsibility, professional responsibility, legal responsibility and political responsibility, clear the subject of administrative accountability, object, scope, mode, procedure, relief, legislative connection, etc. so as to make the administrative accountability form the legal, effective, healthy development, and improve the administrative accountability system, such as the government information disclosure mechanism, the government performance evaluation mechanism, administrative Road In order to improve the legal path of administrative accountability system in China, we must vigorously promote the practice of rule of law. The key to promoting the rule of law in the administrative accountability system is to take the special and complete legal system of accountability as the premise and basis, to make the accountability information open and transparent, and to strengthen the government performance evaluation and the implementation of the administrative moral responsibility mechanism. For the important guarantee, the dual role of the androgyny and the allogeneic accountability is played, the public is widely involved, the good interaction between the government and the society forms a joint force, and the full accountability of the party and government organs and their staff is implemented together. In the implementation of the accountability, the internal supervision and accountability within the party and the administrative organs should be strengthened. We should improve and strengthen the supervision and accountability of the NPC, CPPCC, the judiciary, the news media and citizens.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.1

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