本文選題：未成年人 + 國(guó)家監(jiān)護(hù)��； 參考：《華僑大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)改革開(kāi)放和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的蓬勃發(fā)展,農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)化的深入進(jìn)行,大量勞動(dòng)力的遷徙,很多留守兒童處于無(wú)人監(jiān)護(hù)或監(jiān)護(hù)不力的狀況;另因忙于生計(jì)或其他原因,監(jiān)護(hù)人對(duì)未成年人疏于管護(hù),造成了未成年子女流浪街頭、發(fā)生意外事故、甚至被拐賣(mài)的現(xiàn)象;還因?yàn)楦改富蚱渌O(jiān)護(hù)人在學(xué)習(xí)、生活和工作等方面不順意,父母或其他監(jiān)護(hù)人以極端的方式打罵未成年人,給未成年人的自尊心和身體都造成了嚴(yán)重的傷害;還有父母服刑、無(wú)法照管未成年孩子,以及父母因傷殘、重病而失去照管孩子的能力,給未成年人的生活、學(xué)習(xí)和健康發(fā)展都造成了嚴(yán)重影響,是亟待解決的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。要解決這些因家庭監(jiān)護(hù)失能造成的問(wèn)題,需要國(guó)家和社會(huì)的共同努力,因我國(guó)未成年人國(guó)家監(jiān)護(hù)制度的不完善,不能完全解決這些問(wèn)題。不僅因?yàn)楦改�、家庭或其他監(jiān)護(hù)人的監(jiān)護(hù)不利,還因?yàn)閲?guó)家監(jiān)護(hù)體制不健全、國(guó)家監(jiān)護(hù)制度不完善,一些未成年人的合法權(quán)益無(wú)法得到確實(shí)的保障。我國(guó)的許多學(xué)者和各界人士對(duì)未成年人的監(jiān)護(hù)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了大量的研究工作,并在民法總則草案一審稿、二審稿、三審稿和民法總則中,積極參與修訂了未成年人的國(guó)家監(jiān)護(hù)制度�？墒切峦ㄟ^(guò)的未成年人國(guó)家監(jiān)護(hù)制度還不能解決現(xiàn)有一些問(wèn)題,還有不足之處,因此,本文認(rèn)為要解決對(duì)這些未成年人監(jiān)護(hù)不利的問(wèn)題,應(yīng)從進(jìn)一步健全未成年人國(guó)家監(jiān)護(hù)體制和完善未成年人國(guó)家監(jiān)護(hù)制度著手,通過(guò)對(duì)未成年人的現(xiàn)行國(guó)家監(jiān)護(hù)制度和新通過(guò)的國(guó)家監(jiān)護(hù)制度的比對(duì)研究,明確國(guó)家在父母或其他監(jiān)護(hù)人監(jiān)護(hù)缺失時(shí),應(yīng)對(duì)未成年人承擔(dān)的具體的監(jiān)護(hù)責(zé)任,從確定監(jiān)護(hù)主體、增加被監(jiān)護(hù)人類(lèi)型、規(guī)定監(jiān)護(hù)費(fèi)用來(lái)源、加強(qiáng)監(jiān)護(hù)人職責(zé)、明確委托監(jiān)護(hù)人資格、明確監(jiān)護(hù)人的法律責(zé)任、完善國(guó)家監(jiān)護(hù)的開(kāi)始、變更、終止制度,健全監(jiān)護(hù)監(jiān)督機(jī)制等一些方面來(lái)保障這些特殊未成年人的合法權(quán)益,完善和保護(hù)他們應(yīng)享有的國(guó)家監(jiān)護(hù)的權(quán)利。
[Abstract]:With the vigorous development of China's reform and opening up and social economy, the further development of rural urbanization, the migration of a large number of labor forces, many left-behind children are in a situation of unattended or ineffective guardianship; in addition, they are busy with their livelihood or other reasons. The carelessness of guardians in the care of minors has resulted in minor children living in the streets, accidents occurring, and even being abducted. It is also because parents or other guardians are not satisfied with their studies, lives and work, etc. Parents or other guardians beat minors in extreme ways, causing serious harm to their self-esteem and body; parents served their sentences and were unable to take care of their minor children; and parents were disabled, The serious illness and the loss of the ability to take care of children have seriously affected the life, study and healthy development of minors, which is a social problem to be solved urgently. In order to solve these problems caused by the disability of family guardianship, the joint efforts of the state and society are needed, and these problems cannot be solved completely because of the imperfection of the national guardianship system for minors in our country. Not only because the guardianship of parents, families or other guardians is unfavorable, but also because the state guardianship system is not perfect, the legal rights and interests of some minors can not be guaranteed. Many scholars and people from all walks of life in our country have done a great deal of research on the question of minors' guardianship, and in the draft of the Civil Law, the draft of the draft Actively participated in the revision of the state guardianship system for minors. However, the newly adopted national guardianship system for minors cannot solve some existing problems, and there are still shortcomings. Therefore, this paper believes that the problems that are unfavorable to the guardianship of these minors should be solved. Starting with the further improvement of the national guardianship system for minors and the perfection of the national guardianship system for minors, and through the comparative study of the current state guardianship system for minors and the newly adopted national guardianship system, When parents or other guardians lack guardianship, the state should bear specific guardianship responsibilities to minors, from determining the main body of guardianship, increasing the types of guardians, specifying the sources of guardianship expenses, strengthening the duties of guardians, To ensure the legal rights and interests of these special minors, such aspects as the qualification of entrusted guardians, the legal responsibilities of guardians, the improvement of the start, change, termination system of state guardianship, and the improvement of guardianship and supervision mechanisms, etc., To improve and protect their right to national guardianship.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.183

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