發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-29 01:44

  本文選題：食品安全 + 監(jiān)管主體制度　； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：從制度設(shè)計(jì)來看,我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管主體制度本質(zhì)上是對(duì)公共利益規(guī)制理論的闡釋和捍衛(wèi)。公共利益規(guī)制理論以政府良善、萬能為其主體預(yù)設(shè),體現(xiàn)在制度設(shè)計(jì)上,便是對(duì)執(zhí)法者的激勵(lì)不足和監(jiān)督乏力,我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管執(zhí)法不力的現(xiàn)狀便是最好的詮釋。從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的視角看,我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)不過是全體社會(huì)公眾的代理人,他們與作為委托人之間的社會(huì)公眾存在目標(biāo)函數(shù)的差異。如果不從制度層面解決好參與約束和激勵(lì)相容兩個(gè)根本性問題,就無法從根本上減少或杜絕我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管部門的“逆向選擇”和“道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”等敗德行為。本文在深入分析我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管執(zhí)法不力的理論與制度根源的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管主體激勵(lì)不足與監(jiān)督乏力的現(xiàn)狀,建議以委托理論取代公共利益規(guī)制理論,將激勵(lì)與約束作為我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管主體制度設(shè)計(jì)的重點(diǎn),以此防范我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管主體的“逆向選擇”和“道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”等敗德行為。本文除引言外,共分為五個(gè)部分。引言旨在闡明本文的選題背景、研究綜述、研究目的與研究意義。第一部分,我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管執(zhí)法的現(xiàn)狀考察。本部分以大量的事實(shí)說明我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管執(zhí)法不力現(xiàn)象的存在,從而為后文的分析提供了實(shí)踐樣本。第二部分,我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管主體制度的理論基礎(chǔ)及其檢討。我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管主體制度是對(duì)公共利益規(guī)制理論的闡釋和捍衛(wèi)。這一理論關(guān)于執(zhí)法主體“良善、萬能”的人性預(yù)設(shè),忽略了執(zhí)法部門的“經(jīng)濟(jì)人”特性,導(dǎo)致我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管主體制度設(shè)計(jì)中激勵(lì)與約束的雙重軟化,由此導(dǎo)致我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管實(shí)踐中執(zhí)法不力現(xiàn)象頻頻出現(xiàn)。第三部分,我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管主體制度理論基礎(chǔ)的應(yīng)然選擇。社會(huì)公眾與食品安全監(jiān)管主體之間的關(guān)系可以擬制為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)上的委托代理關(guān)系。這一擬制的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于,它不僅承認(rèn)食品安全監(jiān)管主體的經(jīng)濟(jì)人特性,而且承認(rèn)社會(huì)公眾與食品安全監(jiān)管主體之間存在目標(biāo)函數(shù)的差異,從而將激勵(lì)與約束作為食品安全監(jiān)管主體制度設(shè)計(jì)的重點(diǎn),以防范因委托人虛位、代理人多元以及信息不對(duì)稱等原因?qū)е碌拇砣说摹澳嫦蜻x擇”與“道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。職是之故,委托代理理論應(yīng)作為我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管主體制度理論基礎(chǔ)的應(yīng)然選擇。第四部分,解決食品安全監(jiān)管執(zhí)法委托代理人問題的域外經(jīng)驗(yàn)。加拿大、美國(guó)、英國(guó)等國(guó)通過建立信息交流機(jī)制、整合職能部門、提高執(zhí)法人員收入水平等制度設(shè)計(jì)解決了信息不對(duì)稱、代理人激勵(lì)不足等問題,為我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管主體制度的完善提供了可資參考與借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。第五部分,委托代理理論視角下我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管主體制度的完善。針對(duì)委托人虛位、代理人多元等問題,本文提出了引入公益訴訟、整合職能部門等措施,對(duì)我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管主體制度予以完善,以最大限度減少我國(guó)食品安全監(jiān)管執(zhí)法不力或怠于執(zhí)法的問題。
[Abstract]:From the point of view of the system design, the main system of food safety supervision in China is essentially the interpretation and defense of the theory of public interest regulation. The theory of public interest regulation is based on the good of the government, and the omnipotence is the main subject. It is reflected in the system design, which is the lack of incentive and supervision of the law enforcement and the poor supervision of the law enforcement of food safety in our country. From an economic perspective, China's food safety regulators are only agents of the public, and they differ from the social public being the objective function between the clients. If the two fundamental problems are not solved from the institutional level, they can not be fundamentally reduced. On the basis of the deep analysis of the theoretical and institutional roots of our country's food safety supervision and law enforcement, this paper proposes to replace the public with the principle of entrustment theory, on the basis of the in-depth analysis of the theoretical and institutional roots of the poor food safety supervision and law enforcement in our country. The theory of common interest regulation takes incentive and constraint as the focus of the main system of food safety supervision in China, so as to prevent the "adverse selection" and "moral hazard" of the subject of food safety supervision in our country. This article is divided into five parts except the introduction. The introduction aims at clarifying the background of the topic, the research review and the research. The first part, the present situation of food safety supervision and law enforcement in China. This part shows the existence of the poor law enforcement of food safety supervision in our country, and provides practical samples for the analysis of the latter. The second part, the theoretical basis and review of the subject system of food safety supervision in China. The subject system of product safety supervision is the interpretation and defense of the theory of public interest regulation. The human nature presupposition of "good and universal" on the subject of law enforcement ignores the characteristics of the "economic man" in the law enforcement department, which leads to the double softening of incentive and restraint in the design of the main system of food safety supervision in China, resulting in the food safety of our country. In the third part, the relationship between the social public and the subject of food safety supervision can be proposed as an economic principal-agent relationship. The advantage of this system is that it not only recognizes the subject of food safety supervision. It also recognizes the difference between the social public and the subject of food safety supervision, which makes the incentive and constraint as the focus of the design of the subject system of food safety supervision, in order to prevent the "reverse choice" and "morality" of the agent caused by the false position of the principal, the pluralism of the agent and the asymmetric information. The fourth part is the extraterritorial experience of solving the problem of entrusting the agent of the law enforcement of food safety supervision. Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and other countries have established the information exchange mechanism to integrate the functional departments and improve the income of the law enforcement personnel. The system design of level and so on solves the problems of information asymmetry, insufficient incentive of agent and so on. It provides reference and reference experience for the improvement of the main system of food safety supervision in China. The fifth part, the complete good of the main system of food safety supervision in China under the perspective of principal-agent theory. This paper puts forward some measures, such as the introduction of public interest litigation, and the integration of functional departments, to improve the main system of food safety supervision in China, so as to minimize the problems of food safety supervision and enforcement of law enforcement in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D922.16

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