本文選題：代履行 + 行政機(jī)關(guān)��； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：自2012年1月1日起施行的《中華人民共和國(guó)行政強(qiáng)制法》,第一次正式規(guī)定了行政代履行制度,但是由于種種原因,該法關(guān)于代履行的規(guī)定還很不完善。隨著代履行制度在我國(guó)實(shí)踐中的運(yùn)用越來(lái)越頻繁,代履行制度已經(jīng)發(fā)揮出明顯的制度優(yōu)勢(shì),但是相對(duì)于國(guó)外成熟的理論和實(shí)踐,行政代履行制度在我國(guó)的實(shí)施仍顯得較為薄弱,并已經(jīng)在實(shí)踐中暴露出了很多問(wèn)題。正是基于此背景,對(duì)代履行制度的理論和實(shí)踐進(jìn)行研究就顯得十分必要。本文主要是從案例入手,對(duì)代履行制度在實(shí)踐中出現(xiàn)的主要問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了探討和研究,并且針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題提出了立法改進(jìn)和制度完善的若干建議。本文除緒論以外,共有五部分構(gòu)成。緒論,主要引用最近在實(shí)踐中發(fā)生的一起關(guān)于代履行的案例,引出本文的寫作背景,并進(jìn)一步闡述了本文的寫作目的。第一章,代履行人。本部分主要介紹了代履行的主體,行政機(jī)關(guān)作為代履行‘人時(shí)的性質(zhì)以及在實(shí)踐中運(yùn)行的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),第三人作為代履行人時(shí)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)以及行政機(jī)關(guān)在實(shí)踐中對(duì)第三人監(jiān)督上存在的問(wèn)題。第二章,代履行制度的適用范圍。從現(xiàn)有的法律規(guī)定并結(jié)合實(shí)踐情況來(lái)看,現(xiàn)有法律規(guī)定對(duì)于一般代履行適用范圍的規(guī)定已經(jīng)不能滿足實(shí)踐的需要。對(duì)于即時(shí)代履行,其適用范圍應(yīng)限于清除道路、河道、航道或者公共場(chǎng)所的遺灑物、障礙物或者污染物。對(duì)于義務(wù)人無(wú)能力履行義務(wù)時(shí)行政機(jī)關(guān)實(shí)施代履行而言,其適用范圍應(yīng)當(dāng)限于不及時(shí)代替義務(wù)人履行義務(wù)將給公共利益帶來(lái)重大損失的情形。第三章,代履行費(fèi)用的征收。在代履行的實(shí)施中,代履行費(fèi)用的爭(zhēng)議最多且最復(fù)雜,為了更好地解決爭(zhēng)議,促進(jìn)代履行制度的實(shí)施,有必要對(duì)代履行費(fèi)用進(jìn)行全面的探討和研究。在本部分文章主要圍繞著代履行費(fèi)用的性質(zhì)、征收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、征收爭(zhēng)議的解決進(jìn)行論述。對(duì)于代履行費(fèi)用的性質(zhì),當(dāng)行政機(jī)關(guān)代履行時(shí)應(yīng)該屬于行政收費(fèi),第三人代履行時(shí)只是對(duì)價(jià)給付,不屬于行政收費(fèi)。代履行費(fèi)用的征收應(yīng)該由物價(jià)部門給出指導(dǎo)價(jià),不能由行政機(jī)關(guān)或者第三人自己確定。代履行費(fèi)用的征收發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議時(shí),義務(wù)人或者第三人可以通過(guò)提起行政復(fù)議或者行政訴訟的途徑維護(hù)合法權(quán)益。第四章,代履行中的損害賠償。本部分主要是圍繞行政機(jī)關(guān)或者第三人在代履行時(shí)對(duì)義務(wù)人造成了損害應(yīng)該如何救濟(jì)來(lái)論述。行政機(jī)關(guān)作為代履行人時(shí)對(duì)義務(wù)人造成的損害可通過(guò)行政復(fù)議、行政訴訟、行政賠償?shù)耐緩竭M(jìn)行救濟(jì)。而對(duì)于第三人侵害義務(wù)人的情況則比較復(fù)雜。行政機(jī)關(guān)通過(guò)與第三人簽訂的代履行協(xié)議委托其實(shí)施代履行,對(duì)導(dǎo)致第三人損害的行為,有必要區(qū)分第三人是公務(wù)行為還是私人行為,對(duì)于公務(wù)行為造成的損害可以直接請(qǐng)求行政機(jī)關(guān)進(jìn)行賠償,私人行為造成的損害應(yīng)該直接請(qǐng)求第三人進(jìn)行賠償。第五章,我國(guó)代履行制度的完善建議。本部分主要從五個(gè)方面進(jìn)行論述：擴(kuò)大代履行的適用范圍：建立義務(wù)人無(wú)能力履行義務(wù)情況下的代履行制度,例如建立專項(xiàng)基金會(huì)等；完善第三人的選擇條件和程序；物價(jià)局設(shè)立代履行費(fèi)用的最高征收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；法律明確規(guī)定損害賠償請(qǐng)求權(quán)機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:The administrative enforcement law of the People's Republic of China, which has been implemented since January 1, 2012, first formally stipulated the system of administrative execution, but for a variety of reasons, the provisions of the law are still imperfect. With the more and more frequent application of the system in the practice of our country, the system of generation and performance has already played an obvious system of excellence. However, compared with the mature theories and practices abroad, the implementation of the administrative performance system in our country is still relatively weak, and has already exposed many problems in practice. Based on this background, it is very necessary to study the theory and practice of the system of performance and performance. This article is mainly from the case of the implementation of the system of performance. The main problems in practice are discussed and studied, and some suggestions for legislative improvement and system improvement are put forward in view of these problems. In addition to the introduction, this paper consists of five parts. The purpose of this article is to explain the purpose of the first chapter. This part mainly introduces the main body of the performance of the generation, the administrative organs as the character of the generation and the merits and demerits of running in practice, the advantages and disadvantages of the third people as a substitute for pedestrians and the problems existing in the supervision of the third persons in the practice of the administrative organs. Second chapters. The scope of application of the performance system. From the existing legal provisions and in combination with the practice, the existing law stipulates that the provisions on the scope of the general performance can not meet the needs of the practice. For the performance of the times, the scope of application should be limited to the removal of roads, watercourses, waterways or public places, obstacles or pollution. In the case of the executive organ in which the obligor has no ability to perform its obligations, the scope of its application should be limited to the case where the obligation will not be replaced in time. The third chapter, the expropriation of the performance expenses, is the most controversial and most complicated in the implementation of the execution. In order to solve the dispute well and promote the implementation of the generation performance system, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive discussion and Study on the performance of the expenses for the generation. In this part, the article mainly focuses on the nature of the performance of the performance of the generation, the collection of standards, the settlement of the collection of disputes. When the three person performs only the price payment, it does not belong to the administrative charge. The expropriation of the performance fee should be given by the price department, which can not be determined by the administrative organ or the third party themselves. In the event of the dispute on the expropriation of the execution expenses, the obligor or the third party may maintain the combination of the administrative reconsideration or the administrative litigation. Legal rights and interests. The fourth chapter, compensation for damage in the performance of the generation. This part is mainly about how the administrative organs or the third party should give relief to the damage to the obligor when they perform their performance. The administrative organs, as a substitute for pedestrians, can be remedied through administrative reconsideration, administrative litigation, and administrative compensation. For the third party, it is more complicated to infringe on the obligor. It is necessary for the administrative agency to perform the Commission of the third party in fact, and it is necessary to distinguish between the third persons or the private act for the damage to the third party. The damage to the public affairs can be directly requested by the administrative agency. Compensation, the damage caused by private behavior should be directly requesting third people for compensation. Fifth chapter, the perfect proposal of our country's performance system. This part mainly discusses from five aspects: the scope of application of the expansion of the performance of the generation: the establishment of the performance system under the circumstances of the obligor's inability to fulfill its obligations, for example, the establishment of a special foundation; and so on; The selection criteria and procedures for the third party are good; the Price Bureau establishes the highest collection standard for the cost of performance; the law clearly stipulates the right to claim damages.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.1

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