本文選題：植物新品種保護(hù) + 種子企業(yè)持續(xù)經(jīng)營��； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)是我國當(dāng)前的首要任務(wù)，育種技術(shù)創(chuàng)新是推動(dòng)我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的核心措施之一。以現(xiàn)代生物工程技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)為標(biāo)志的農(nóng)業(yè)新技術(shù)革命正興起，種子產(chǎn)業(yè)的競爭越來越體現(xiàn)為擁有核心技術(shù)和形成知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)能力的競爭。十七大提出自主創(chuàng)新和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)是我國的基本國策，我國種子產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，根本在于形成一套完善的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)機(jī)制，保障種子企業(yè)創(chuàng)新能夠得到有效回報(bào)，更進(jìn)一步的，種子企業(yè)的持續(xù)創(chuàng)新將讓農(nóng)民獲得更多選擇新品種所帶來的收益，進(jìn)而推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展。隨著《植物新品種保護(hù)條例》、《種子法》相繼實(shí)施，我國植物新品種保護(hù)事業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展，種子市場商業(yè)化改革也逐步形成。 本文以知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)理論、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新溢出效應(yīng)理論、生產(chǎn)函數(shù)理論為基礎(chǔ)，運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的基本知識(shí)，借鑒國內(nèi)外己有的研究成果，采用定性分析和定量分析相結(jié)合的方法，研究植物新品種保護(hù)下我國種子企業(yè)經(jīng)營現(xiàn)狀以及持續(xù)經(jīng)營的維度及其影響因素，以期為提高種子企業(yè)研發(fā)行為積極性和增強(qiáng)企業(yè)研發(fā)能力、降低種子企業(yè)經(jīng)營成本、提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和生產(chǎn)效率提供重要參考。闡述了植物新品種、植物新品種保護(hù)、種子行業(yè)特征和種子企業(yè)持續(xù)經(jīng)營的內(nèi)涵、企業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的內(nèi)涵概念、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新溢出效應(yīng)理論、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)成本收益理論、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的利益平衡理論、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)資源優(yōu)化配置理論以及農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的溢出效應(yīng)、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的外部性，概述了植物新品種保護(hù)制度演進(jìn)脈絡(luò)，指出隨著農(nóng)業(yè)、育種業(yè)和種子貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，植物新品種保護(hù)的重要性越來越突出了，發(fā)達(dá)國家私人育種公司的育種工作迅速開展并超過了公立機(jī)構(gòu)，，育種速度和育成新品種的數(shù)量大幅度增加，迅速改變了種子產(chǎn)業(yè)的面貌，我國作為發(fā)展中國家于2000年《中華人民共和國種子法》的頒布實(shí)施后，徹底打破了國有種子公司壟斷經(jīng)營的局面，使我國種子產(chǎn)業(yè)市場化發(fā)展更好、更快，有力地刺激了種子企業(yè)育種創(chuàng)新和科研與生產(chǎn)的結(jié)合，推動(dòng)了“選育、生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營一體化”進(jìn)程；分析了植物新品種保護(hù)制度下種子企業(yè)研發(fā)行為、我國種子企業(yè)申請與授權(quán)植物新品種權(quán)數(shù)量變化以及兩者的差距、種子企業(yè)市場規(guī)模、市場集中度與發(fā)達(dá)國家的差距；運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)描述和DID模型分析了我國種子企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營收益變化及其影響因素，進(jìn)行了分析我國種子企業(yè)成本效益發(fā)展變化，成本效益變化，運(yùn)用SFA模型法測算和分析了我國種子企業(yè)生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營效率及其影響因素分析。 基于上述分析內(nèi)容，得出種子企業(yè)的研發(fā)行為受遺傳資源所支付的成本、科研人員的數(shù)量、銷售額預(yù)期以及創(chuàng)新成本等因素的影響，使用遺傳資源所支付的成本以及科研人員對(duì)企業(yè)的研發(fā)行為有積極作用，也就是企業(yè)的物質(zhì)資本和人力資本投入水平影響企業(yè)的研發(fā)行為，相對(duì)于國有企業(yè)來說，合伙私人企業(yè)的研發(fā)積極性不高，企業(yè)進(jìn)行新品種研發(fā)的動(dòng)力源于研發(fā)行為是否能為企業(yè)帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，由于種子企業(yè)新品種權(quán)的保護(hù)水平過程受創(chuàng)新成本提高的影響，所以對(duì)種子企業(yè)的研發(fā)行為有一定的有消極影響；得出1999年至2012年我國種子企業(yè)的研發(fā)經(jīng)費(fèi)、員工工資、員工人數(shù)、日常經(jīng)營資金、申請費(fèi)、審查費(fèi)、年費(fèi)、所支付的遺傳資源成本、凈利潤總體都呈逐年增加的趨勢，意味著種子企業(yè)品種權(quán)申請量上有一定的突破，但申請的質(zhì)上與科研單位相比差距仍然較大，表明其積極性還沒有充分的發(fā)揮出；得出植物新品種保護(hù)制度建立以來，申請植物新品種保護(hù)的企業(yè)與未申請植物新品種保護(hù)的企業(yè)相比，其生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營收益顯著地增加，企業(yè)的科研投入、獨(dú)立研發(fā)能力以及知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)管理能力也會(huì)在很大程度上影響企業(yè)生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營收益，在影響種子企業(yè)生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營收益的變量中，科研人員與推廣人員占員工的比重、獨(dú)立研發(fā)品種占總研發(fā)品種的比重以及企業(yè)是否設(shè)置專門的品種保護(hù)或知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)管理的部門對(duì)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營收益具有正向影響，而種子企業(yè)的科研經(jīng)費(fèi)占經(jīng)營經(jīng)費(fèi)的比重與侵權(quán)案件數(shù)量對(duì)種子企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營收益具有負(fù)向影響；得出我國育繁推一體化種子企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)效率仍然存在改進(jìn)空間，研發(fā)經(jīng)費(fèi)的投入和累計(jì)授權(quán)品種數(shù)量對(duì)企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營效率產(chǎn)生正向影響，東部地區(qū)育繁推一體化種子企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營效率高于中部地區(qū)的企業(yè)，且高于全國的平均水平，而中部地區(qū)的種子企業(yè)生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營效率又高于西部地區(qū)的企業(yè)，中西部的種子企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營效率均低于全國平均水平，研發(fā)經(jīng)費(fèi)的投入和累計(jì)授權(quán)品種數(shù)量會(huì)對(duì)企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營效率產(chǎn)生正向影響，但累計(jì)審定品種數(shù)量對(duì)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營效率產(chǎn)生負(fù)向影響。最后提出強(qiáng)化植物新品種權(quán)申請和保護(hù)意識(shí)、增強(qiáng)企業(yè)研發(fā)能力、促進(jìn)多元化主體合作、加大完善植物新品種保護(hù)制度的力度、保護(hù)種子企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營收益、加強(qiáng)自身科研實(shí)力的同時(shí)注重合作戰(zhàn)略、重視維權(quán)部門的建設(shè)、提供良好的外部政策環(huán)境等政策建議。
[Abstract]:The development of agriculture is the primary task of our country. The innovation of breeding technology is one of the key measures to promote the development of agriculture in our country. The new agricultural technology revolution marked by modern bioengineering technology and information technology is rising, and the competition of seed industry is more and more embodied in the competition of having the core skills and the ability to form intellectual property. The main innovation and intellectual property rights is the basic national policy of our country. The development of China's seed industry lies in the formation of a perfect mechanism of intellectual property protection, which ensures the effective return of the innovation of the seed enterprise, and further, the continuous innovation of the seed enterprises will allow the farmers to gain more profits from the selection of new varieties. With the implementation of the regulations for the protection of new varieties of plants and the implementation of the seed law, the protection of new varieties of plants in China has flourished and the commercialized reform of the seed market has been gradually formed.
Based on the theory of intellectual property protection, the theory of the spillover effect of agricultural technology innovation, the theory of production function, the basic knowledge of statistics and economics, the research results at home and abroad, and the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, the present situation of the operation of Chinese seed enterprises under the protection of new varieties of plants is studied. The dimension of sustainable management and its influencing factors are expected to provide an important reference for improving the initiative of the research and development of the seed enterprises, enhancing the R & D capacity of the enterprises, reducing the operating cost of the seed enterprises, improving the economic efficiency and production efficiency. The new plant varieties, the protection of the new plant varieties, the characteristics of the seed industry and the sustainable management of the seed enterprises are expounded. The connotation, the theory of the spillover effect of agricultural technology innovation, the theory of the cost and benefit of intellectual property protection, the balance theory of the intellectual property system, the theory of the optimal allocation of intellectual property resources and the spillover effect of the agricultural technology innovation, the externality of the innovation of agricultural technology, and the overview of the new plant variety protection system. With the development of the degree evolution, it is pointed out that with the development of agriculture, breeding and seed trade, the importance of the protection of new plant varieties is becoming more and more prominent. The breeding work of private breeding companies in the developed countries has rapidly developed and exceeded the public institutions. The number of breeding speed and the number of new varieties has greatly increased, and the appearance of the seed industry has been rapidly changed. After the promulgation and implementation of the "People's Republic of China Seed Law" of the developing countries in 2000, the state completely broke the situation of monopolization of the state-owned seed companies and made the development of the seed industry in China better and faster, and strongly stimulated the combination of seed enterprise breeding innovation and scientific research and production, and promoted the integration of breeding, production and operation. The development behavior of the seed enterprises under the new plant variety protection system was analyzed. The changes in the number of Seed Enterprises' application and authorization of the new plant species and the gap between the two, the market scale of the seed enterprises and the gap between the market concentration and the developed countries were analyzed. The production of seed enterprises in China was analyzed by using the statistical description and DID model. The change of profit and the influencing factors are analyzed and the cost benefit development and change of the seed enterprises in China are analyzed. The SFA model method is used to calculate and analyze the production and operation efficiency of the seed enterprises in China and the analysis of the influencing factors.
Based on the above analysis, it is concluded that the research and development behavior of the seed enterprises is affected by the cost of genetic resources, the quantity of scientific researchers, the expectation of sales and the cost of innovation, the cost of the use of genetic resources and the positive effect of the scientific research personnel on the research and development behavior of the enterprise, that is, the material capital and manpower of the enterprise. The level of capital input affects the R & D behavior of the enterprises. Compared with the state-owned enterprises, the R & D enthusiasm of the partnership private enterprises is not high. The power source of the new R & D of the enterprises is whether the R & D behavior can bring economic benefits to the enterprises. The research and development behavior of seed enterprises has a certain negative influence. From 1999 to 2012, the research and development fund of seed enterprises, employee's salary, employee number, daily operating fund, application fee, examination fee, annual fee, and the cost of genetic resources paid, net profit are increasing year by year, which means the application amount of seed enterprise variety rights. There are certain breakthroughs, but the quality of the application is still relatively large compared with the scientific research unit, which indicates that its enthusiasm has not been fully developed. Since the establishment of the new plant variety protection system, the enterprises applying for the protection of new varieties of plants have significantly increased their production and operating income compared with the enterprises that have not applied for the protection of new plant varieties. The investment in scientific research, independent research and development and the ability of intellectual property management will affect the production and operating income of the enterprise to a great extent. In the variables affecting the production and operating income of the seed enterprises, the proportion of scientific research personnel and the extension personnel, the proportion of the independent R & D varieties to the total research varieties and whether the enterprises set up specialized The Department of variety protection or intellectual property management has a positive impact on the production and operation income of the enterprise, but the proportion of the research funds in the seed enterprise and the quantity of the tort cases have a negative influence on the production and operation income of the seed enterprises; the production efficiency of the integrated Seed Enterprises in China is still improved. The investment of R & D funds and the amount of the accumulated authorized varieties have a positive effect on the efficiency of the production and operation of the enterprises. The production and operation efficiency of the integrated seed enterprises in the eastern region is higher than that in the central region, which is higher than the national average, and the efficiency of the production and operation of the seed enterprises in the central region is higher than that of the western region. The production and operation efficiency of the seed enterprises in the Midwest are all lower than the national average. The investment of R & D funds and the amount of the accumulated authorized varieties will have a positive impact on the efficiency of the production and operation of the enterprises, but the cumulative number of approved varieties has a negative impact on the efficiency of the production and operation of the enterprises. To protect consciousness, strengthen the enterprise's R & D ability, promote the cooperation of the diversified main body, strengthen the strength of the protection system of new plant varieties, protect the production and operation income of the seed enterprises, strengthen the scientific research strength and pay attention to the cooperation strategy, attach importance to the construction of the rights department and provide good external policy environment and other policy suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F324.6;D922.4

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