本文選題：合法預期 + 可行性　； 參考：《中國海洋大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國政府當前正處于轉型時期，建設服務型政府已經(jīng)成為社會各界的共識，因此，如何更加合理的簡政放權，控制政府手里的權力成為一個具有現(xiàn)實意義的課題。當下，政府改變自己先前已經(jīng)作出的行政行為或者因客觀情況變更行政規(guī)范性法律文件的情況時有發(fā)生，在此種情況下，如何面對未變更之前相對人對舊有的法律秩序的信任，以及因此種信任而采取的行動給相對人因信賴先前行政行為卻遭受不可預見的不利損害后果成為我國法律制度建設所不能回避的問題。 這一問題的實質在于，行政機關可能出于情勢變更或者公共利益的需要，為了提高行政效率以便盡快的達到目的，但是法律又應當照顧到受潛在威脅的相對人的信賴；行政機關應當如何合法的變更行政行為，其變更行為的界限又當如何界定。合法預期保護原則的出現(xiàn)正有效的解決了這一問題，它體現(xiàn)的是合法預期保護原則與容忍行政行為變更之間一個大致公平的權衡問題。 需要指出的是，從比較法的角度來看，德國法上的信賴保護概念與英國法上的合法預期保護原則大體相當，但是兩者適用的范圍與內涵不完全一樣，但都存在著信賴保護的觀念，兩者之間并不是簡單替代關系，而是有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。因此，在本文中，我們研究合法預期并不是要簡單的替換信賴保護，而是盡可能的彌補我國信賴保護的不足，把合法預期的有益制度納入到信賴保護之中。 本文將分四部分對合法預期保護原則的相關問題進行研究。 第一部分，主要介紹合法預期保護原則的基本理論。鑒于合法預期理論在我國的學界研究的不夠深入，但對起源于德國的信賴保護原則研究較多，因此第一節(jié)里簡單介紹德國的信賴保護的起源后，進而對在英國、歐盟法上發(fā)展的比較成熟的合法預期進行介紹，希望能夠對我國吸納合法預期的有益制度給予有益的借鑒；在研究域外法關于合法預期保護原則的基礎上，結合我國學界相關研究，第二節(jié)將簡要的提出合法預期的內涵；在第三節(jié)里，本文探討了為什么要保護合法預期的幾點理由，包括基于信賴保護的要求，基于法治的確定性、可預測性以及公平對待的要求，基于良好行政的要求，基于經(jīng)濟效率的要求；最后，在上述研究的基礎上，我們初步地給出合法預期保護的構成要件。 第二部分，，論述合法預期保護原則相關制度在我國引進的可行性。主要從以下兩個方面進行論述：首先辨析清楚行政法上的信賴利益和預期利益，而后進一步探討合法預期和信賴保護的關系，同時指出我國信賴保護原則的不足之處，分析我國引入合法預期保護原則相關理論的優(yōu)越性；然后從合法預期的語義和實踐兩個方面論述我國合法預期保護原則引進的必要性。 第三部分和第四部分都是本文論述的重點章節(jié)。第三部分主要探討合法預期的程序性保護。在這一部分，我們論述的是在我國信賴保護中所缺失的程序保護，首先提出合法預期的程序性保護產(chǎn)生的兩種情景，隨后從合法預期對立法過程、行政變更裁量過程和司法審查過程中的程序制約能力來探討合法預期的程序性保護在我國的落實與改造，最后提出了重新解構濫用職權的司法審查標準。 第四部分主要介紹的是合法預期的實體性保護。為了更好的契合我國的信賴保護原則，本部分研究了合法預期中存在的存續(xù)保護和補償（賠償）保護兩種保護方式，也就是完整實體保護和損害補償保護。在內容上，也是先提出合法預期實體保護的情景；隨后重點從完整實體保護條款、過渡條款和損害補償條款三種不同實體保護的方式論述合法預期的實體性保護在我國的落實與改造。
[Abstract]:The government is now in the transition period , and the construction service - oriented government has become the consensus of all circles of society . Therefore , how to make a more rational and simple decentralization and control the government ' s power become a realistic topic . In this case , how to face the trust of the previous administrative act or change the administrative normative legal document by the objective circumstances , in which case , how to face the former relative person ' s trust in the old legal order , and thus the trust and the action that the opposite person has suffered from the unpredictable adverse effect of the previous administrative act has become the question that the construction of the legal system of our country cannot avoid .

The essence of this problem is that the administrative organ may , for reasons of change of circumstances or the needs of public interest , to improve the administrative efficiency so as to achieve the purpose as soon as possible , but the law should also take care of the relative reliance of the potential threat ;
How the administrative organ should legally change the administrative behavior and how to define the limits of its change behavior is how to define it . The emergence of the lawful expectation protection principle is effectively solved the problem , which embodies a generally fair trade - off between the principle of legal expectation protection and the change of tolerance administrative behavior .

It needs to be pointed out that , from the perspective of comparative law , the concept of trust protection in German law is equivalent to the principle of legal expectation protection in English law , but the scope and connotation of both are different , but there is a relationship between trust and protection .

In this paper , we will study the relevant problems of the principle of legal expectation protection in four parts .

The first part mainly introduces the basic theory of the principle of legal expectation protection . In view of the fact that the theory of legitimate expectation is not enough in China ' s academic field , the research on the principle of trust protection originated in Germany is much more , so the first section briefly introduces the origin of Germany ' s reliance protection , and then introduces the relatively mature legitimate expectation of development in the UK and EU law , and hopes that it can provide beneficial reference for the beneficial system of legal expectation in China .
On the basis of the study of the principle of the protection of the legality of the extraterritorial law , the article gives a brief introduction to the connotation of legal expectation in combination with the relevant research in China ' s academic field ;
In the third section , this paper discusses why to protect the legitimate expectations , including the requirement of trust protection , the certainty , predictability and fair treatment of the rule of law , based on the requirement of good administration , and based on the requirements of economic efficiency ;
Finally , on the basis of the above research , we preliminarily give the constitutive requirements of the legal expectation protection .

The second part discusses the feasibility of introducing the relevant system of legal expectation protection principle in our country . Firstly , it discusses the relationship between the trust interests and the pre - profit in the clear administrative law , then further discusses the relationship between legal expectation and trust protection . At the same time , it points out the deficiency of the principle of trust protection in our country , and analyses the superiority of the theory related to the introduction of the principle of legal expectation protection in our country ;
Then it discusses the necessity of introducing the principle of legal expectation protection in our country from two aspects : the semantics and practice of legal expectation .

The third part and the fourth part are the key chapters discussed in this paper . The third part mainly discusses the procedural protection of legal expectations . In this part , we discuss the procedural protection which is missing in the protection of trust in our country . First , we put forward two scenarios which are generated by the procedural protection of legitimate expectations . Then , we discuss the implementation and transformation of the legally expected procedural protection in our country from the legal expectation , and finally put forward the judicial review standard for re - destructing abuse of authority .

The fourth part mainly introduces the substantive protection of legal expectation . In order to better fit the principle of trust protection in our country , this part studies the existence of protection and compensation ( compensation ) in the legal expectation , which is the protection and compensation protection of the whole entity .
Then focus on the realization and transformation of the legal expectation of substantive protection in our country from the protection terms of the whole entity , the transitional clause and the compensation clause .

【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.1

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