本文選題：海岸帶 + 環(huán)境保護�。� 參考：《上海海洋大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：海岸帶環(huán)境保護執(zhí)法對于區(qū)域甚至全國的經濟和社會發(fā)展都至關重要,執(zhí)法機制是否科學合理則決定著執(zhí)法的成敗。海岸帶環(huán)境保護執(zhí)法機制是指包含了海岸帶環(huán)境保護執(zhí)法法律依據、執(zhí)法機構、執(zhí)法手段和執(zhí)法監(jiān)督等的有機體和各部分聯(lián)動的執(zhí)法過程,在這個機制下,海岸帶環(huán)境保護行政部門(或/和在相關社會主體和公眾參與下)通過執(zhí)行有關海岸帶環(huán)境保護的法律,運用行政控制、經濟調節(jié)等多種手段,直接影響海岸帶管理相對人的權利和義務,以及對相對人是否正當行使權利和履行義務的情況進行監(jiān)督檢查的行為。這個機制是開放的,它需要外部力量的積極支持和保障,如社會公眾對執(zhí)法機構及其行為的監(jiān)督,再如刑事司法保障手段的必要介入。本文汲取和部分借用治理理論、環(huán)境庫茲涅茨曲線和行政執(zhí)法理論的核心觀點和分析框架,試圖在呈現(xiàn)我國的海岸帶環(huán)境保護執(zhí)法機制的基礎上,指出其存在的問題并分析原因,結合美國的相關經驗,基于相關政策、法律描畫的圖景,提出完善我國海岸帶環(huán)境保護執(zhí)法機制的建議。本文的主體分為三大部分:第一部分是展現(xiàn)我國海岸帶環(huán)境保護執(zhí)法機制的現(xiàn)狀、指出其存在的問題并分析導致問題的原因,從執(zhí)法法律依據、執(zhí)法機構設置、執(zhí)法手段和執(zhí)法監(jiān)督等執(zhí)法機制的主要要素得知我國海岸帶環(huán)保執(zhí)法機制執(zhí)法法律依據初成體系、執(zhí)法機構層級數目眾多、執(zhí)法手段形成行政主導、監(jiān)督以上級對下級為主的基本現(xiàn)狀,發(fā)現(xiàn)其存在綜合立法缺失與法律的空白重疊并存的矛盾、機構分工不明與協(xié)調機制失靈、執(zhí)法手段單一與執(zhí)法力度不足、監(jiān)督途徑不暢與公眾參與缺乏的問題,問題的根由在于我國海岸帶環(huán)境保護立法缺乏科學頂層設計、機構設置缺乏合理性和明確定位、執(zhí)法手段重行政輕其他和公眾監(jiān)督缺乏制度保障。第二部分是分析借鑒美國海岸帶環(huán)境保護執(zhí)法機制的經驗,發(fā)現(xiàn)美國海岸帶管理立法綜合全面,海岸帶環(huán)境保護執(zhí)法機構分工明確、協(xié)調高效,它的行政控制、經濟調節(jié)等執(zhí)法手段多樣并能被很好地綜合運用,并且公眾參與廣泛、監(jiān)督途徑多樣且暢通。第三部分提出了完善我國海岸帶環(huán)境保護執(zhí)法機制的政策建議,政策建議如下:進行綜合立法以統(tǒng)籌環(huán)境保護,優(yōu)化機構設置以促進高效運轉,強化執(zhí)法手段以加大執(zhí)法力度,拓寬監(jiān)督渠道以提升執(zhí)法效能。
[Abstract]:Coastal environmental protection law enforcement is very important to the economic and social development of the region and even the whole country. Whether the law enforcement mechanism is scientific or reasonable or not determines the success or failure of law enforcement.The law enforcement mechanism of coastal zone environmental protection refers to the coordinated law enforcement process involving the legal basis of coastal zone environmental protection law enforcement, law enforcement agencies, law enforcement means and law enforcement supervision, etc. Under this mechanism,The administrative department of coastal zone environmental protection (or with the participation of relevant social subjects and the public) applies administrative control, economic regulation and other means through the implementation of laws relating to coastal zone environmental protection,It directly affects the rights and obligations of the relative person in the coastal zone management, as well as the supervision and inspection of whether the relative person exercises the right and the performance of the obligation properly.This mechanism is open, and it needs the active support and protection of external forces, such as the supervision of law enforcement agencies and their actions by the public, and the necessary intervention of criminal judicial safeguards.This paper draws on and partly borrows the core viewpoints and analytical framework of governance theory, environmental Kuznets curve and administrative law enforcement theory, and attempts to present the mechanism of coastal environmental protection law enforcement on the basis of presenting our country's coastal zone environmental protection law enforcement mechanism.This paper points out the existing problems and analyzes the reasons, combined with the relevant experience of the United States, based on the relevant policies and legal picture, puts forward some suggestions to improve the enforcement mechanism of coastal environmental protection in China.The main body of this paper is divided into three parts: the first part is to show the current situation of our coastal environmental protection law enforcement mechanism, point out its existing problems and analyze the causes of the problems, from the law enforcement legal basis, law enforcement agencies set,The main elements of the law enforcement mechanism, such as law enforcement means and law enforcement supervision, know that the legal basis for law enforcement of environmental protection law enforcement mechanisms in the coastal zone of China is in its infancy, the number of law enforcement agencies is numerous, and the law enforcement means form an administrative leading role.It is found that there are contradictions between the absence of comprehensive legislation and the overlapping of laws, the unclear division of labor and the failure of the coordination mechanism, the singleness of law enforcement means and the insufficiency of law enforcement.The causes of this problem are the lack of scientific top-level design of the coastal zone environmental protection legislation, the lack of rationality and clear positioning of the institutional setting, the lack of supervision channels and the lack of public participation, and the lack of scientific top-level design of the coastal environmental protection legislation in China.Law enforcement means put more emphasis on administration than others and lack of system guarantee for public supervision.The second part is to analyze and draw lessons from the experience of the coastal zone environmental protection law enforcement mechanism of the United States, and find that the coastal zone management legislation is comprehensive and comprehensive, the division of labor, coordination and efficiency of the coastal zone environmental protection law enforcement agencies is clear, and its administrative control.The law enforcement means such as economic regulation are various and can be used comprehensively, and the public participation is extensive, and the ways of supervision are various and smooth.The third part puts forward the policy recommendations of perfecting the enforcement mechanism of coastal environmental protection in China. The policy recommendations are as follows: carrying out comprehensive legislation to coordinate environmental protection, optimizing the setting of institutions to promote efficient operation, strengthening law enforcement means to strengthen law enforcement.Broaden the supervision channels to enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement.
【學位授予單位】：上海海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.68

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本文編號：1758135