本文選題：行政侵權(quán)　切入點(diǎn)：國(guó)家賠償　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：歷時(shí)五年，經(jīng)過全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)4次審議的國(guó)家賠償法修正案終于出臺(tái)了，此次《國(guó)家賠償法》的修改是法治建設(shè)上一次重要的里程碑。修改后的《國(guó)家賠償法》暢通了受害人請(qǐng)求國(guó)家賠償?shù)那�，更新了�?guó)家賠償?shù)臋C(jī)構(gòu)建制，完善了國(guó)家賠償程序，在許多方面都有新的發(fā)展和突破。其中最為人關(guān)注的是此次修改，，確立了行政侵權(quán)精神損害賠償制度，為新《國(guó)家賠償法》的第35條。在此之前，國(guó)家賠償法沒有關(guān)于精神損害賠償?shù)臈l文規(guī)定，在實(shí)踐中，使許多被侵權(quán)人的合法權(quán)益都得不到保障。更為重要的是，此次修改還提出了精神撫慰金的概念，是精神損害能通過物質(zhì)補(bǔ)償?shù)靡該嵛�，減少精神痛苦。雖然修改后的《國(guó)家賠償法》確立了該制度是一次質(zhì)的進(jìn)步，但是其條文規(guī)定仍然存在許多問題。例如針對(duì)精神撫慰金的適用情形僅規(guī)定為“造成嚴(yán)重后果”，何謂嚴(yán)重后果，嚴(yán)重后果包括哪些具體情形，條文并沒有規(guī)定。再如精神撫慰金的計(jì)算規(guī)則也沒有進(jìn)行一定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定，在實(shí)踐中，很難達(dá)到不同損害不同賠償?shù)囊�。因此本文主要以我�?guó)如何完善新確立的行政侵權(quán)行為造成精神損害賠償?shù)闹贫葹檎擃}，重點(diǎn)為找出條文中的缺陷，并通過比較我國(guó)民事侵權(quán)精神損害賠償制度，提出不斷完善我國(guó)行政侵權(quán)精神損害制度，并提出一些可行性措施。 精神損害賠償制度在我國(guó)就民事侵權(quán)精神損害賠償制度較為完善，最高人民法院于2001年出臺(tái)的關(guān)于民事侵權(quán)精神損害賠償責(zé)任若干問題的解釋中對(duì)我國(guó)民事侵權(quán)行為造成的精神損害賠償進(jìn)行了比較詳細(xì)的規(guī)定，是我國(guó)國(guó)家賠償關(guān)于精神損害賠償制度很好的參照資料。筆者的主要觀點(diǎn)為要完善我國(guó)行政侵權(quán)精神損害制度，應(yīng)該從賠償適用范圍以及精神撫慰金的相關(guān)規(guī)定為主要方面。針對(duì)賠償適用范圍，筆者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該將精神性的人格權(quán)益也增加為賠償?shù)倪m用情形，例如行政相對(duì)人的名譽(yù)權(quán)、隱私權(quán)、姓名權(quán)等都規(guī)定為防止侵害的對(duì)象，對(duì)于侵犯該權(quán)利的行為應(yīng)給予賠償。精神損害撫慰金的適用范圍，根據(jù)具體情況，將“嚴(yán)重后果”具體化，設(shè)定一定的情形，對(duì)于符合條件的認(rèn)定為造成了嚴(yán)重后果；計(jì)算規(guī)則是本文的重點(diǎn)研究對(duì)象，我國(guó)計(jì)算規(guī)則的確立，可參照國(guó)外的一些國(guó)家或地區(qū)相關(guān)規(guī)定，以及我國(guó)民法中有關(guān)精神損害賠償制度的規(guī)定，運(yùn)用綜合分析的方法，結(jié)合案件本身實(shí)際情況，確定一個(gè)合理的賠償數(shù)額。
[Abstract]:After five years, the amendments to the State compensation Law, which have been examined four times by the standing Committee of the National people's Congress, have finally been issued. This amendment of the State compensation Law is an important milestone in the construction of the rule of law.The revised "State compensation Law" unblocked the channels for the victims to request state compensation, updated the institutional system of state compensation, improved the state compensation procedures, and made new developments and breakthroughs in many aspects.Among them, the most concerned is the amendment, which establishes the system of compensation for mental damage of administrative tort, which is Article 35 of the new State compensation Law.Before that, the state compensation law did not have the provision on mental damage compensation, in practice, the legitimate rights and interests of many infringed persons could not be protected.More importantly, the amendment also puts forward the concept of mental distress, which can be alleviated by material compensation.Although the amended State compensation Law establishes this system as a qualitative progress, there are still many problems in its provisions.For example, there is no provision for the application of mental comfort money only as "serious consequences", what are serious consequences, and what specific circumstances are included in the serious consequences.For example, the calculation rules of spiritual comfort payment are not regulated by certain standards, and in practice, it is difficult to meet the requirements of different damages and different compensation.Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on how to perfect the newly established system of compensation for mental damage caused by administrative tort in our country, focusing on finding out the defects in the articles, and comparing the system of compensation for mental damage caused by civil tort in our country.This paper proposes to improve the mental damage system of administrative tort in our country, and puts forward some feasible measures.In our country, the system of compensation for spiritual damage is relatively perfect in terms of civil tort compensation for spiritual damage.The Supreme people's Court, in its interpretation of several issues concerning the liability for compensation for mental damage caused by civil tort in 2001, has made more detailed provisions on the compensation for mental damage caused by civil tort in China.It is a good reference material for the system of mental damage compensation in our country.The author's main point of view is to perfect the mental injury system of administrative tort in our country, which should be mainly from the scope of application of compensation and the relevant provisions of mental comfort fund.In view of the scope of application of compensation, the author thinks that the spiritual rights and interests of personality should also be added to the applicable circumstances of compensation, such as the right of reputation, privacy and name right of the administrative counterpart, all of which are defined as the object of prevention of infringement.Compensation should be granted for violations of this right.The scope of application of compensation for mental damage, according to the specific situation, the "serious consequences" specific, set a certain situation, for the eligible for the determination of serious consequences; calculation rules is the focus of this study object,The establishment of calculation rules in China can refer to the relevant provisions of some foreign countries or regions, as well as the provisions of the mental damage compensation system in the civil law of our country, using the method of comprehensive analysis and combining with the actual situation of the case itself.Determine a reasonable amount of compensation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.1

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