本文選題：CCUS　切入點(diǎn)：法律制度　出處：《甘肅政法學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著溫室氣體排放增加導(dǎo)致全球變暖趨勢(shì)越來越明顯,各地惡劣天氣頻率不斷增多,世界各地在發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)達(dá)成共識(shí),努力發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)、也已經(jīng)成為一種世界潮流。面對(duì)艱巨的碳減排壓力,二氧化碳捕獲、利用與封存隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。二氧化碳捕獲、利用與封存技術(shù)是目前實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)二氧化碳零排放的一項(xiàng)重要技術(shù),是國際上目前應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變暖的戰(zhàn)略性技術(shù),其以將人為產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳與大氣長(zhǎng)期隔絕而著稱,目前包括我國在內(nèi)的世界上許多國家已經(jīng)開展了第一批碳封存示范項(xiàng)目,主要目的是為將來碳封存的大規(guī)模應(yīng)用積累實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。2016年中國大氣本底基準(zhǔn)觀象臺(tái)瓦里關(guān)山基地多年監(jiān)測(cè)表明,大氣中的二氧化碳濃度年均上升約2ppm (1ppm指一百萬個(gè)空氣分子中含有一個(gè)二氧化碳分子)。專家表示,這說明全球溫室氣體排放形勢(shì)依然嚴(yán)峻,全球變暖趨勢(shì)不改,全球減排任務(wù)依然艱巨。近些年,我國大力發(fā)展了一批諸如風(fēng)能、核能、太陽能、潮汐能等新興的清潔能源,但是這些新興清潔能源和煤炭化石能源相比所占的比例極少,而且這些項(xiàng)目多分布于具有特殊地理位置優(yōu)勢(shì)的區(qū)域,并不具有普遍性。二氧化碳捕集、利用與封存就成為了如今既可以普遍發(fā)展,又能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)減排目標(biāo)的必然選擇。然而,該項(xiàng)技術(shù)在實(shí)施過程中也并非是完美無瑕的,也存在一些問題,尤其是法律制度層面的問題,諸如二氧化碳該如何定性、封存后的二氧化碳所有權(quán)問題、如何利用封存后的二氧化碳、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益所有權(quán)問題、安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性問題以及二氧化碳泄露后造成環(huán)境影響的歸責(zé)問題等。為此通過法律手段,實(shí)現(xiàn)碳捕獲、封存與利用的良好發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為世界各國實(shí)踐的共識(shí)。我國在二氧化碳定性、封存后歸屬權(quán)、商業(yè)化、環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)方面仍然沒有正式的法律出臺(tái)。國外在碳捕獲、利用與封存方面的立法實(shí)踐將有助于中國借鑒其經(jīng)驗(yàn)與教訓(xùn),實(shí)現(xiàn)中國碳捕獲、利用與封存立法的科學(xué)化。本文旨在通過對(duì)美國、歐盟、加拿大和澳大利亞這三個(gè)國家和地區(qū)成熟的立法經(jīng)驗(yàn)和完善的法律制度的研究,提出構(gòu)建我國碳捕獲、利用與封存法律制度的建議。首先,文章介紹了碳捕獲、利用與封存的概念,指出我國碳捕獲、利用與封存發(fā)展的必要性和可行性;其次,文章對(duì)我國碳捕獲、利用與封存發(fā)展中面臨的法律制度的不足進(jìn)行了剖析,分析了我國碳捕獲、利用與封存在發(fā)展的過程中遇到的法律障礙和難題;再次,文章對(duì)于國外碳捕獲、利用與封存法律制度進(jìn)行了分析,并且指出我國可以借鑒的立法經(jīng)驗(yàn);最后,文章提出完善我國碳捕獲、利用與封存發(fā)展的法律制度的建議。
[Abstract]:With the increase in greenhouse gas emissions leading to global warming, the trend of global warming is becoming more and more obvious, and the frequency of severe weather is increasing. There has been a consensus around the world in the field of developing a low-carbon economy, and efforts have been made to develop a low-carbon economy. Carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage come into being with the development of the times, carbon dioxide capture, carbon dioxide capture, carbon dioxide capture, carbon dioxide sequestration, carbon dioxide capture, carbon dioxide capture, carbon dioxide capture, carbon dioxide capture, carbon dioxide capture, The use and sequestration technology is an important technology to achieve zero industrial carbon dioxide emissions. It is a strategic technology in the international response to global warming. It is famous for isolating anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for a long time. At present, many countries in the world, including China, have already carried out the first demonstration projects on carbon sequestration. The main purpose is to accumulate practical experience for the large-scale application of carbon sequestration in the future. The average annual increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is about 2 ppm or 1 ppm, which means that one million air molecules contain one molecule of carbon dioxide. Experts say this shows that the global greenhouse gas emission situation is still grim and the trend of global warming remains unchanged. The task of reducing emissions globally is still daunting. In recent years, China has vigorously developed a number of new clean energy sources, such as wind, nuclear, solar, tidal energy and so on, but the proportion of these new clean energy sources compared with fossil coal energy is very small. Moreover, most of these projects are located in areas with special geographical advantages and are not universal. Carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage have become an inevitable choice for both universal development and the ability to achieve emission reduction targets. The technology is not flawless, and there are problems, especially at the legal system level, such as how to characterize carbon dioxide and ownership of carbon dioxide after sequestration. How to make use of carbon dioxide after storage, ownership of economic benefit, safety risk and imputation of environmental impact after carbon dioxide leakage, etc. Therefore, through legal means, carbon capture can be realized. The good development of sequestration and utilization has become a consensus in the practice of the world. There are still no formal laws on carbon dioxide characterization, ownership, commercialization, and environmental impact assessment in China. The use and storage of legislation will be helpful for China to learn from its experiences and lessons, to realize the scientific legislation of carbon capture, utilization and sequestration of the United States, the European Union, the United States, the European Union, the United States, the European Union, the United States and the European Union. Canada and Australia these three countries and regions mature legislative experience and perfect legal system research, put forward the construction of China's carbon capture, use and sequestration of the legal system. First, the article introduced carbon capture, This paper points out the necessity and feasibility of the development of carbon capture, utilization and storage in China by using the concept of carbon capture and sequestration. Secondly, the paper analyzes the deficiencies of the legal system in the development of carbon capture, utilization and storage in China. This paper analyzes the legal obstacles and problems encountered in the development of carbon capture, utilization and storage in China. Thirdly, the article analyzes the legal system of carbon capture, utilization and storage in foreign countries, and points out the legislative experience that can be used for reference by our country. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions to perfect the legal system of carbon capture, utilization and storage development in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅政法學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.68

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