本文選題：食品安全　切入點(diǎn)：風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：食品安全是基本的人權(quán)問題,它關(guān)乎國民的身體健康,也關(guān)乎生產(chǎn)力的提高,是國家富強(qiáng)、社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的重要基石。在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會(huì)的背景下,食品安全的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析是目前國際上食品安全監(jiān)管的通行做法,而風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估制度是其核心。食品安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估為及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)食品中已經(jīng)存在和潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、從而制定科學(xué)的食品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及食品安全管理措施起到了非常重要的作用,并且也是保護(hù)消費(fèi)者、強(qiáng)化食品安全監(jiān)管、維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序的重要手段。因此,目前各國基本上都建立起了食品安全的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估法律制度,而發(fā)達(dá)國家在食品安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估法律制度的建設(shè)方面也取得了相當(dāng)豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn),基于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估而進(jìn)行的食品監(jiān)管效果也十分明顯。 在近年來食品安全事故頻繁發(fā)生的背景下,我國于2009年頒布了《食品安全法》,試圖為改善食品安全狀況打開新的局面,并且順應(yīng)國際趨勢(shì),明確規(guī)定了食品安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估制度,以其作為制定食品安全國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及食品安全監(jiān)管措施的依據(jù)。但是,從目前來看,專家對(duì)食品安全的評(píng)估結(jié)論并不能得到公眾的信服。公眾對(duì)國家的食品安全監(jiān)管呈現(xiàn)出不滿和質(zhì)疑,政府的公信力受到影響。一旦出現(xiàn)重大的食品安全問題,就容易引發(fā)公眾的恐慌,造成社會(huì)的不穩(wěn)定。究其原因,則與我國風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估法律制度的不完善密切相關(guān)。目前,我國的食品安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估法律制度在立法上層級(jí)較低、內(nèi)容不完善、不適應(yīng)現(xiàn)實(shí)情況,同時(shí)在執(zhí)法上,部門設(shè)置缺乏統(tǒng)一性和獨(dú)立性、科學(xué)專家的獨(dú)立性和卓越性不強(qiáng)、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估過程未與公眾進(jìn)行充分的交流、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估過程和結(jié)果的監(jiān)督機(jī)制缺失,在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估機(jī)構(gòu)及其工作人員的法律責(zé)任上規(guī)定不完善,這些都導(dǎo)致我國的食品安全評(píng)估結(jié)果在權(quán)威性、科學(xué)性、公信力上都大打折扣。 發(fā)達(dá)國家在食品安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估法律制度的建設(shè)方面做的相對(duì)比較成熟,積累了大量的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。鑒于目前我國風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估制度不完善的現(xiàn)狀,我國可以在借鑒發(fā)達(dá)國家經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)我國的食品安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估制度進(jìn)行完善。在立法上,通過完善法律法規(guī)體系來保證食品安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估活動(dòng)的有法可依；在執(zhí)法上,通過保證食品安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估機(jī)構(gòu)獨(dú)立性來確保評(píng)估結(jié)果的中立性、通過保證科學(xué)專家的卓越性和獨(dú)立性,來保證風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估結(jié)果的權(quán)威性、通過與公眾的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)交流,保證風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估結(jié)果避免專家局限性的影響、通過建立內(nèi)外監(jiān)督機(jī)制來保證評(píng)估結(jié)論克服專家的內(nèi)生局限性；在司法上,確立食品安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估機(jī)構(gòu)及其工作人員的責(zé)任形式,使其能夠依法行使職權(quán)、履行職責(zé)。
[Abstract]:Food safety is a fundamental human rights issue. It is related to the health of the people and to the improvement of productivity. It is an important cornerstone of national prosperity and social stability. In the context of a risky society, The risk analysis of food safety is the current international practice of food safety supervision, and the risk assessment system is its core. Food safety risk assessment is to discover the existing and potential risks in food timely. Therefore, the establishment of scientific food safety standards and food safety management measures plays a very important role, and is also an important means to protect consumers, strengthen food safety supervision and maintain social order. At present, many countries have basically established a legal system for risk assessment of food safety, and developed countries have also obtained considerable experience in the construction of a legal system for risk assessment of food safety. The effect of food supervision based on risk assessment is also obvious. Under the background of frequent food safety accidents in recent years, our country promulgated the Food Safety Law in 2009, trying to open up a new situation for improving the food safety situation and conform to the international trend. Clearly defined the food safety risk assessment system as the basis for the formulation of food safety national standards and food safety regulatory measures. However, from the current point of view, The experts' assessment of food safety is not convincing to the public. The public is dissatisfied and questioned about the country's food safety regulation, and the credibility of the government is affected. Once major food safety problems arise, The reason is closely related to the imperfection of the legal system of risk assessment in our country. At present, the legal system of food safety risk assessment in our country is at a low level in legislation. The content is not perfect, does not adapt to the reality situation, at the same time in the law enforcement, the department establishment lacks the unity and the independence, the science expert independence and the superiority is not strong, the risk assessment process does not have the sufficient communication with the public, The lack of supervision mechanism of risk assessment process and results, and the imperfect regulation on the legal liability of risk assessment organizations and their staff, all result in the loss of authority, science and credibility of food safety assessment results in our country. The developed countries have done relatively mature in the construction of the legal system of food safety risk assessment, and have accumulated a lot of experience. In view of the present situation of imperfect risk assessment system in our country, On the basis of the experience of developed countries, our country can perfect our food safety risk assessment system. In legislation, we can ensure the food safety risk assessment by perfecting the laws and regulations system. By ensuring the independence of food safety risk assessment agencies to ensure the neutrality of the evaluation results, by ensuring the excellence and independence of scientific experts, by ensuring the authority of the results of risk assessment, by communicating with the public, To ensure that the risk assessment results avoid the impact of expert limitations, to ensure that the evaluation conclusions overcome the endogenous limitations of experts through the establishment of internal and external supervision mechanisms; to establish the form of responsibility of food safety risk assessment agencies and their staff in the judicial field, To enable them to exercise their functions and powers and perform their duties in accordance with the law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.16

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