本文關(guān)鍵詞： 水污染 法律責(zé)任 違約責(zé)任 不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 刑事責(zé)任　出處：《浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：水污染問題一直是制約國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重大障礙,從中央到地方,各級(jí)政府一直都在積極探索中踐行水污染治理,但實(shí)效與預(yù)期并不一致,為了從根本上解決水污染問題,十八屆三中全會(huì)明確提出了“環(huán)境污染第三方治理”,這是黨和政府順應(yīng)時(shí)代發(fā)展提出的治污新模式,為我國(guó)水污染的治理指明了新方向。水污染第三方治理機(jī)制不僅在制度上是個(gè)創(chuàng)新,在法律層面也提出了新的要求,第三方主體的加入,使得水污染法律責(zé)任的承擔(dān)主體由原來的排污企業(yè)“一元主體”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榕盼燮髽I(yè)和第三方企業(yè)的“二元主體”,在這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變過程中面臨著第三方與排污方之間的責(zé)任分擔(dān)不明、第三方之間的不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)障礙、政府對(duì)第三方市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入的審核、認(rèn)定和規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn)欠缺以及第三方嚴(yán)重違法行為的刑事責(zé)任界定不清等困境。造成這些困境的原因在于“誰(shuí)污染、誰(shuí)治理”的傳統(tǒng)治污意識(shí)、現(xiàn)行水污染行為法律責(zé)任體系不夠完善、尚未有具體的法律責(zé)任由排污方向第三方轉(zhuǎn)移的條款以及實(shí)踐中第三方的法律責(zé)任難以落實(shí)等。通過對(duì)水污染第三方治理機(jī)制中第三方法律責(zé)任的相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行界定,以及借鑒歐盟在水污染第三方治理領(lǐng)域的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出了從以下幾個(gè)方面來探討我國(guó)水污染第三方治理機(jī)制中第三方的法律責(zé)任:第三方與排污方之間的違約責(zé)任、第三方之間的不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)責(zé)任、第三方違反政府監(jiān)管的行政責(zé)任和第三方嚴(yán)重違法行為的刑事責(zé)任。從而闡明實(shí)施過程中各方主體的法律責(zé)任劃分,以及第三方法律責(zé)任的設(shè)定和具體承擔(dān)方式,為水污染第三方治理機(jī)制在我國(guó)的貫徹實(shí)施提供法律保障。
[Abstract]:Water pollution has always been a major obstacle to the development of the national economy. From the central to the local levels, governments at all levels have been actively exploring and practicing water pollution control, but the actual results are not in line with expectations. In order to fundamentally solve the water pollution problem, The third Plenary session of the 18 CPC Central Committee explicitly put forward the "third party management of environmental pollution", which is a new model proposed by the Party and the government to cope with the development of the times. The third party water pollution control mechanism is not only an innovation in the system, but also a new requirement on the legal level. The main body of the legal liability for water pollution is changed from the original "monolithic subject" of the sewage enterprise to the "dual subject" of the sewage enterprise and the third party enterprise. In the process of this transformation, the responsibility between the third party and the polluter is not clear. The obstacles to unfair competition among third parties, the government's review of third party market access, the lack of standards for identification and regulation, and the unclear definition of criminal liability for serious violations by third parties. The causes of these difficulties lie in "who pollutes," Who governs the traditional pollution control consciousness, the current legal liability system of water pollution behavior is not perfect, There is no specific legal liability transferred from discharge to third party, and the third party's legal liability is difficult to implement in practice, etc. Through defining the related problems of third party legal liability in the third party water pollution control mechanism, Based on the advanced experience of EU in the field of third party water pollution treatment, this paper puts forward the following aspects to discuss the third party's legal liability in the third party water pollution control mechanism of our country: the liability of breach of contract between the third party and the polluter. The responsibility of unfair competition between the third parties, the administrative liability of the third party for violating the government supervision and the criminal liability for the serious illegal acts of the third party, thus clarifying the division of the legal liability of the parties involved in the implementation process, It also provides legal guarantee for the implementation of the third party water pollution control mechanism in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D922.68

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