【摘要】：《刑法》第385條規(guī)定,國家工作人員利用職務(wù)上的便利,索取他人財(cái)物的,或者非法收受他人財(cái)物,為他人謀取利益的,是受賄罪。根據(jù)該條規(guī)定,《刑法》將受賄罪分為索取型受賄罪和收受型受賄罪,收受型受賄罪的成立須具備"為他人謀取利益"這一要件(以下簡(jiǎn)稱"謀利"要件)。從"謀利"要件產(chǎn)生之初,針對(duì)該要件的定位與適用,無論是刑法理論界抑或是司法實(shí)務(wù)界,都一直存在著較大的爭(zhēng)議,這些爭(zhēng)議都直接影響了受賄罪的認(rèn)定。近年來,實(shí)踐中涌現(xiàn)出大量的"事后受財(cái)"、"感情投資"等新型的受賄行為,不斷沖擊著受賄罪中"謀利"要件。由于這些新形式的受賄行為不具備為他人謀利的典型性,若司法機(jī)關(guān)嚴(yán)格遵照受賄罪的立法規(guī)定,可能就沒有辦法將這些行為認(rèn)定為受賄罪,這似乎有輕縱犯罪之嫌。但是若要貫徹落實(shí)"重典治亂"的反腐敗政策,對(duì)此類行為進(jìn)行刑法上的規(guī)制,又有違背立法規(guī)定之嫌。雖然在2016年最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院聯(lián)合出臺(tái)了《關(guān)于辦理貪污賄賂刑事案件適用法律若干問題的解釋》,其中第13條針對(duì)實(shí)踐中的突出問題對(duì)"謀利"要件做出了進(jìn)一步的細(xì)致規(guī)定,但是筆者認(rèn)為該司法解釋僅僅是站在實(shí)用主義立場(chǎng)上對(duì)"謀利"要件作出的擴(kuò)張解釋甚至是類推解釋,有突破立法規(guī)定、違背罪刑法定原則的傾向,因而并不是時(shí)下走出實(shí)踐中受賄罪認(rèn)定困境的最佳路徑。"謀利"要件的存在之所以引發(fā)了一系列司法認(rèn)定問題,根源在于受賄罪立法規(guī)定本身就存在邏輯體系混亂、構(gòu)成要件的語言表述模糊等缺陷。而立法機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)此一直怠于解決,相繼出臺(tái)的解釋規(guī)定也沒有制定出合理、明確的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),致使"謀利"要件引發(fā)的理論爭(zhēng)議和實(shí)踐困境一直未能得到妥善解決。筆者認(rèn)為,解鈴還須系鈴人,想要從根本上解決受賄罪的認(rèn)定困境,立法機(jī)關(guān)應(yīng)該積極的作為,盡快取消"謀利"要件,修正受賄罪法律規(guī)定,完善我國的反腐敗預(yù)防體系,以促進(jìn)不敢腐、不能腐的良好社會(huì)風(fēng)氣的形成。
[Abstract]:Article 385 of the Criminal Law stipulates that a state functionary who takes advantage of the convenience of his or her position, claims another person's property, or illegally accepts another person's property and seeks for the benefit of others is a crime of accepting bribes. According to this article, the criminal law divides the crime of accepting bribes into the crime of taking bribes for claim and the crime of accepting bribes, and the establishment of the crime of accepting bribes must have the elements of "seeking benefits for others" (hereinafter referred to as the elements of "seeking profits"). From the beginning of the "profit seeking" element, there have been great disputes in the orientation and application of this element, both in the theory of criminal law and in the field of judicial practice. These disputes have directly affected the determination of the crime of accepting bribes. In recent years, a large number of "after-the-event", "emotional investment" and other new bribe-taking acts have emerged in practice, which constantly impact the elements of "profit-seeking" in the crime of accepting bribes. As these new forms of bribery do not have the typical benefit for others, if the judicial organs strictly comply with the legislative provisions of bribery, it may not be possible to identify these acts as bribery offences, which seems to have the suspicion of indulging in the crime. However, if we want to carry out the anti-corruption policy of "serious anti-corruption" and regulate such acts in criminal law, there is also the suspicion of violating the legislative provisions. Although in 2016 the Supreme people's Court and the Supreme people's Procuratorate jointly issued an interpretation of certain issues concerning the applicable Law on handling Criminal cases of Corruption and bribery, Article 13 provides further detailed provisions on the elements of "profit seeking" in view of the outstanding problems in practice, However, the author thinks that the judicial interpretation is only an expanded interpretation or even a similar explanation of the elements of "profit seeking" from the pragmatic standpoint, which has the tendency to break through the legislative provisions and violate the principle of legality of crime and punishment. Therefore, it is not the best way to get out of the dilemma of accepting bribes in practice. " The reason why the existence of the elements of "seeking profit" leads to a series of judicial cognizance problems, the root of which lies in the confusion of the logic system in the legislative provisions of the crime of accepting bribes, the vague language expression of the constituent elements, and so on. However, the legislature has been lazy to solve this problem, and has not formulated a reasonable and clear standard of identification, resulting in theoretical disputes and practical dilemmas caused by the elements of "profit seeking" have not been properly resolved. The author thinks that in order to solve the dilemma of accepting bribes fundamentally, the legislature should do actively, abolish the elements of "seeking profit" as soon as possible, amend the legal provisions of the crime of accepting bribes, and perfect the anti-corruption prevention system of our country. In order to promote the formation of a good social atmosphere that does not dare to corrupt and cannot corrupt.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D924.392

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