本文關鍵詞： 幫助行為 正犯 定型化 立法重構　出處：《鄭州大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：幫助行為的正犯化是指,立法者根據(jù)預防犯罪和保護社會的需要,將幫助行進行單獨定罪處罰的情況。這些幫助行為通常要符合以下標準:相對獨立的法益侵害性、對法益的侵害達到嚴重程度、具備定型化特征。我國刑法中目前存在的此類犯罪包括協(xié)助組織賣淫罪、介紹賄賂罪、幫助恐怖活動罪以及幫助信息網(wǎng)絡犯罪活動罪等。我國目前對幫助行為正犯化的理論研究十分欠缺,在立法和司法中都存在諸多問題。因此,本文將立足于我國現(xiàn)行刑法的規(guī)定,結合《刑法修正案(九)》最新補充規(guī)定的相關罪名,對幫助行為正犯化進行立法原理和標準,以及司法實際中的罪名認定問題進行研究。第一部分是幫助行為正犯化理論基礎的研究。雖然刑事立法上已存在不少相關罪名,但仍有刑法學者對其持否定態(tài)度。大陸法系的共犯體系分為單一制和區(qū)分制,前者以擴張正犯概念為基礎,后者以限制正犯概念為基礎。筆者認為,我國應采取區(qū)分制體系。在二元行為無價值論下,幫助行為具有較為獨立的違法性。為了避免幫助行為從屬于正犯的局限性,實現(xiàn)刑事政策和國民預測可能性的要求,應當對符合標準的幫助行為進行正犯化。第二部分是幫助行為正犯化存在問題的探討。就立法層面而言,我國刑法雖然存在此類立法現(xiàn)象,但立法者在將幫助行為正犯化時缺乏立法理念的指導。在具體立法活動中,對于什么樣的幫助行為可以正犯化也沒有明確標準。制定相關罪名以后,往往又造成罪名之間銜接不當,使得犯罪體系不協(xié)調(diào)。就司法層面而言,在協(xié)助組織賣淫罪和幫助信息網(wǎng)絡犯罪活動罪等具體罪名的認定上,也存在許多法律適用問題。第三部分是幫助行為正犯化的立法重構及罪名認定�；谛谭ǖ闹t抑性,立法者在制定相關犯罪和刑罰時,應當遵循限制立法和法益保護理念。只有當幫助行為符合立法標準且確有必要時,才能進行單獨定罪。在罪名確定上,也要注意各罪之間的協(xié)調(diào)。在認定協(xié)助組織賣淫罪時,應當與組織賣淫罪從犯進行區(qū)分,而且其成立和既遂不以后者為前提。在認定幫助信息網(wǎng)絡犯罪活動罪時,其行為符合非法利用信息網(wǎng)絡罪共同正犯的,要以后者認定。網(wǎng)絡服務等中立的幫助行為一般不構成本罪。構成該罪所要求的“情節(jié)嚴重”,應當根據(jù)犯罪次數(shù)、犯罪金額或者法益侵害程度等進行綜合判斷。
[Abstract]:The recidivism of aiding behavior refers to the legislator's need to prevent crime and protect society. These aiding acts usually meet the following criteria: relatively independent infringement of legal interest and severity of infringement of legal interest. This kind of crime in our criminal law includes the crime of assisting the organization of prostitution and the crime of introducing bribery. The crime of helping terrorist activities and the crime of helping information network activities, etc. At present, there are many problems in legislation and judicature because of the lack of theoretical research on the principal crime of aiding behavior in our country. This article will be based on the provisions of our current criminal law, combined with the latest supplementary provisions of the Criminal Law Amendment (9) related offences, to assist the principle and standards of legislation. The first part is the research on the theoretical basis of helping the behavior commit the crime. Although there are many related crimes in the criminal legislation. However, some criminal scholars still hold a negative attitude towards it. The accomplice system in the continental law system is divided into a single system and a differentiated system. The former is based on the concept of expanded principal offense, while the latter is based on the concept of restricted principal offense. In order to avoid the limitation of subordinating to the principal offender, the help behavior has a relatively independent illegality. In order to avoid the limitation that the helping behavior belongs to the principal offender, we should adopt the distinguishing system. In order to realize the possibility of criminal policy and national prediction, we should commit the crime of aiding behavior in accordance with the standard. The second part is the discussion of the problems in the criminal policy and the possibility of national prediction. As far as legislation is concerned. Although there is this kind of legislation phenomenon in criminal law of our country, the legislator lacks the guidance of legislative idea in the process of committing the principal crime of helping behavior, and in the specific legislative activities. There is no clear standard for what kind of helping behavior can be committed. After the establishment of related charges, it often leads to improper convergence between the charges, which makes the criminal system uncoordinated. As far as the judicial level is concerned. In the assistance organization prostitution crime and help information network crime crime and so on specific crime confirmation. There are also many problems in the application of the law. The third part is to help the legislative reconstruction of the act of committing crimes and the identification of charges. Based on the modesty of criminal law, legislators in the formulation of related crimes and penalties. We should follow the concept of restriction legislation and legal interest protection. Only when the aiding behavior meets the legislative standards and is really necessary, can we make a separate conviction. Attention should also be paid to the coordination between the various crimes. When determining the crime of assisting the organization of prostitution, it should be distinguished from the accessory to the crime of organizing prostitution. And its establishment and not the latter as the premise. In the determination of the crime of helping the information network criminal activities, its behavior is in line with the illegal use of information network crime joint principal crime. The latter should be used to determine that the neutral aiding behavior, such as network service, does not generally constitute this crime. The "serious circumstances" required by the crime should be based on the number of times of the crime. The amount of crime or the degree of infringement of legal interests shall be judged synthetically.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D924.3

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