【摘要】：2012年《刑事訴訟法》修訂以后專門增設了依法不負刑事責任的精神病人強制醫(yī)療程序,隨后最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院和公安部也相繼出臺了相關解釋及程序性規(guī)定,對強制醫(yī)療程序的對象、決定、啟動、審理、解除及法律監(jiān)督等方面進行了補充。這是我國針對精神病人犯罪立法規(guī)制邁出的一大步,雖然已經有了上述規(guī)定,但從復雜多變的司法實踐來看,上述規(guī)定過于籠統(tǒng),缺乏嚴謹性和具體操作性。 強制醫(yī)療制度設置的重點環(huán)節(jié)主要包括：強制醫(yī)療適用范圍的確定、強制醫(yī)療的啟動、強制醫(yī)療的審理、強制醫(yī)療的執(zhí)行和解除程序。首先,通過對這些重點環(huán)節(jié)的分析,借鑒域外相關制度設置的經驗,找出我國強制醫(yī)療制度設置上的不足,進而提出完善強制醫(yī)療制度設置的建議。最后從宏觀的角度,對強制醫(yī)療制度的完善提出了一些配套措施,主要包括做好精神病人普查工作、完善監(jiān)護制度、設立精神病人救治基金、非政府組織參與強制醫(yī)療、精神病納入政府免費醫(yī)療范圍等。通過配套措施對強制醫(yī)療制度的輔助,有利于從源頭防止精神病人實施危害社會的行為,可以有效輔助精神病人強制醫(yī)療工作的開展。配套措施需要病人家屬、社區(qū)、衛(wèi)生、非政府組織、政府等各部門及社會公眾的共同努力,經過配套措施與強制醫(yī)療制度互相配合,精神病強制醫(yī)療能夠取得更好的法律效果。 精神病人強制醫(yī)療制度的實施,既是對精神病人自由的限制,以維護社會秩序的安定,也包含對精神病人權益的保護。由于強制醫(yī)療具體環(huán)節(jié)較為復雜,制度設置中遇到的難題較多,各國相關制度也在實踐中不斷完善。文章只是拋磚引玉,希望有更多的學者進行相關問題的研究,最終不斷完善精神病人強制醫(yī)療制度的設置。
[Abstract]:After the revision of the "Criminal procedure Law" in 2012, the compulsory medical procedures for mental patients who were legally irresponsible were specifically added. Subsequently, the Supreme people's Court, the Supreme people's Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security also issued related interpretations and procedural provisions one after another. The object, decision, initiation, trial, release and legal supervision of compulsory medical procedure are supplemented. This is a big step in the legislative regulation of the crime of mental patients in our country. Although there have been the above provisions, from the complex and changeable judicial practice, the above provisions are too general and lack of rigor and concrete operation. The key links of the compulsory medical system include the determination of the applicable scope of compulsory medical treatment, the initiation of compulsory medical treatment, the trial of compulsory medical treatment, the execution of compulsory medical treatment and the procedure of lifting the compulsory medical treatment. First of all, through the analysis of these key links, draw lessons from the experience of overseas related systems, find out the deficiencies in the setting of compulsory medical system in China, and then put forward some suggestions to improve the setting of compulsory medical system. Finally, from a macro point of view, some supporting measures are put forward to improve the compulsory medical system, including doing a good job in the general survey of mental patients, perfecting the guardianship system, setting up a fund for the treatment of mental patients, and non-governmental organizations participating in compulsory medical treatment. Mental illness is included in the free medical care of the government and so on. Through the auxiliary measures to the compulsory medical treatment system, it is beneficial to prevent the mental patients from carrying out the behavior harmful to the society from the source, and can effectively assist the development of the compulsory medical treatment of the mental patients. The supporting measures need the joint efforts of the patients' family members, community, health, non-governmental organizations, government and other departments as well as the public. Through matching measures with the compulsory medical system, compulsory psychiatric care can achieve better legal effect. The implementation of compulsory medical treatment system for mental patients is not only the restriction of the freedom of mental patients to maintain the social order, but also the protection of the rights and interests of mental patients. Because of the complexity of the specific link of compulsory medical treatment and the difficulties encountered in the system setup, the relevant systems of various countries are constantly improved in practice. The article is just to draw the jade, hope that there are more scholars to study the related issues, and finally improve the compulsory medical care system for mental patients.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2

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