【摘要】：本文討論的是租約中的停租條款。在租約下，支付租金是租家的基本義務(wù)。租家為保護(hù)自己的利益通常都會在租約中定有停租條款，約定在某些情況下，租家可以不付租金。 租約不同于提單，當(dāng)事人具有完全的訂約自由，沒有強(qiáng)制適用的公約或法律，只要不違背公序良俗，當(dāng)事人幾乎可以任意約定合同內(nèi)容。然而，實(shí)務(wù)中租約更多得是在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范本合同的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行修補(bǔ)達(dá)成的。 目前市場上應(yīng)用最多的租約范本仍然是紐約土產(chǎn)格式1946的版本(NYPE46)。雖然此版本推出至今已超過半個(gè)世紀(jì)，許多條款已不能適應(yīng)時(shí)代的變化，但由于它較好地平衡了船東與租家之間的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系，在市場上已被廣泛接受，而BIMCO起草的另一較著名的合同范本，波爾的姆(BALTIME)，則因過多地偏袒船東，沒有被市場所廣泛接受。同時(shí)由于NYPE46條款較少，簡潔實(shí)用，市場上從事租船的人對沒有條款早已耳熟能詳，而且許多條款都有明確的判例，在法律上有較強(qiáng)的穩(wěn)定性，因此，此格式在今天仍然能夠得到廣泛使用。 雖然實(shí)務(wù)中簽訂的租約中的停租條款并非千篇一律，但基本上都是在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)租約范本的停租條款的基礎(chǔ)上刪減或增加厘定的。因此研究好標(biāo)準(zhǔn)租約范本里的停租條款，特別是市場上使用最多的NYPE46停租條款(對于液貨市場則是SHELLTIME)就顯得特別重要。 目前市場上絕大多數(shù)的租約都約定適用英國法，英國法在這一領(lǐng)域無疑占有絕對的統(tǒng)治地位。NYPE46是有美國紐約土產(chǎn)交易所起草的，有一小部分租約，特別是在美國市場和日本市場，亦會選擇適用美國法。除了英國法和美國法，租船市場上幾乎看不到適用其他國家法律的租約。 眾所周知，，英國法是判例法國家最突出的代表，因此，了解英國法關(guān)于停租條款的規(guī)定，就應(yīng)了解英國法在這一問題上的有關(guān)案例。本文將以英國法為基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合有關(guān)案例，在概括介紹停租條款的法律性質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)上，以NYPE46第15條停租條款分析為重點(diǎn)，著重分析停租須滿足的條件和停租時(shí)間的計(jì)算，并比較其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式中的停租條款的不同，兼談停租條款和其他條款的關(guān)系，并介紹美國法的不同之處，最后將闡釋中國海商法對停租條款的有關(guān)規(guī)定。 希望通過本文的寫作，使讀者能對停租條款有一全面的認(rèn)識，并對解決實(shí)務(wù)中發(fā)生的停租爭議提供幫助和借鑒。由于作者水平所限，其中定有許多不足和謬誤之處，敬請不吝賜教。
[Abstract]:This article discusses the suspension clause in the lease. Under the lease, it is the basic obligation of the tenant to pay the rent. In order to protect their interests, tenants usually have a suspension clause in the lease, which stipulates that in some cases, the tenant may not pay the rent. The lease is different from the bill of lading, the parties have complete freedom of contract, there is no compulsory applicable convention or law, as long as it does not violate the public order and good customs, the parties can almost arbitrarily agree on the content of the contract. In practice, however, leases are more mended on the basis of standard model contracts. At present, the most widely used lease model on the market is still the version of New York Local production format 1946 (NYPE46). Although this version has been launched for more than half a century and many provisions have been unable to adapt to the changes of the times, it has been widely accepted in the market because it has a better balance between the rights and obligations of shipowners and tenants. Another more famous model contract drafted by BIMCO, Portim (BALTIME), was not widely accepted by the market because of its excessive preference for shipowners. At the same time, because the NYPE46 clause is less, concise and practical, people engaged in chartering in the market have long been familiar with the lack of terms, and many provisions have clear cases and strong legal stability. Therefore, This format is still widely used today. Although the suspension terms in the tenancy agreements signed in practice are not the same, they are basically deleted or added on the basis of the suspension terms of the standard model lease. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the suspension clause in the standard lease model, especially the NYPE46 suspension clause, which is the most widely used in the market (SHELLTIME for the liquid goods market). At present, the vast majority of leases in the market agree to apply British law, which undoubtedly occupies an absolute dominant position in this field. NYPE46 is drafted by the New York Local products Exchange of the United States, and there are a small number of leases. In particular, in the United States market and the Japanese market, will also choose to apply American law. With the exception of British law and American law, there are few leases applicable to the laws of other countries in the chartering market. As we all know, English law is the most prominent representative of case law countries. Therefore, to understand the provisions of English law on rent suspension clause, we should understand the relevant cases of English law on this issue. This paper will be based on British law, combined with relevant cases, on the basis of a general introduction of the legal nature of the suspension clause, focusing on the analysis of the suspension clause in Article 15 of NYPE46, focusing on the conditions to be satisfied and the calculation of the suspension time. This paper also compares the differences of suspension clauses in other standard forms, and discusses the relationship between suspension clauses and other clauses, and introduces the differences of American law. Finally, it will explain the relevant provisions of Chinese maritime law on rent suspension clauses. It is hoped that through the writing of this paper, readers can have a comprehensive understanding of the rent suspension clause, and provide help and reference for solving the rent suspension dispute in practice. Due to the limitations of the author's level, there must be many shortcomings and fallacies, please do not hesitate to give advice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：D922.294

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本文編號：2479201