【摘要】：保險利益原則適用于海上保險合同，其關(guān)系到保險合同的效力和保險事故發(fā)生后被保險人能否向保險人要求賠償金。而在國際貨物買賣中，由買方或者賣方為貨物投保。如果被保險人在保險事故發(fā)生時沒有保險利益，那被保險人就無法向保險人要求賠償。所以深入探究保險事故發(fā)生時，保險利益的歸屬不僅對于買賣雙方正確投保有指導(dǎo)性作用，而且對于正確適用保險利益原則及完善相關(guān)立法都有重要作用。 本文在第一章里對保險利益原則進(jìn)行了討論。通過分析1906年英國海上保險法中第五條對海上保險利益的定義的規(guī)定及Lucena V. Craufurd等英國經(jīng)典案例后得出，保險利益是指與保險標(biāo)的存在的合法的經(jīng)濟(jì)利害關(guān)系。1906年英國海上保險法中還明確了認(rèn)定被保險人必須具備保險利益的時間為保險事故發(fā)生時而非投保時。而我國海商法并沒有明確確立這一原則，只能從我國保險法中關(guān)于財(cái)產(chǎn)險的相關(guān)規(guī)定中總結(jié)出這一結(jié)論。此外，在本章的第三節(jié)還討論了海上保險利益的歸屬與風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移的關(guān)系。 本文第二章中討論了《聯(lián)合國貨物銷售合同公約》框架下保險利益歸屬的法律問題。根據(jù)上文討論的保險利益歸屬于風(fēng)險承擔(dān)者原則，本章討論了風(fēng)險負(fù)擔(dān)的一般規(guī)則及違約后風(fēng)險負(fù)擔(dān)的相關(guān)規(guī)則。一般來說，CISG對于風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移采取了交付主義，保險利益隨著風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移而轉(zhuǎn)移。但是，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)買方違約或賣方違約時，風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移可能受到影響，相應(yīng)的保險利益的歸屬也受到影響。 本文第三章討論了英國貨物買賣法中風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移的規(guī)則及保險利益的歸屬。我國在起草海上保險法時對英國海上保險法相關(guān)規(guī)則多有借鑒，，而英國作為海上貿(mào)易的傳統(tǒng)強(qiáng)國，它有自己的貨物買賣法（Sale of Goods Act1979），英國也不是CISG的締約國，研究其貨物買賣法中風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移的規(guī)則與CISG進(jìn)行對比，對于未來國際立法與實(shí)踐也有相當(dāng)大的意義。 本文第四章以FOB、CIF和CFR為代表討論了Incoterms2010下保險利益的歸屬。對在以上價格術(shù)語下買方及賣方投保以規(guī)避貨物風(fēng)險提出了相應(yīng)的建議，以使買賣雙方避免出現(xiàn)保險上的“盲區(qū)”。 本文第五章對中國法律框架下對于保險利益的相關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行了討論并對中國未來相關(guān)立法的提出了建議。
[Abstract]:The principle of insurance interest is applicable to marine insurance contract, which relates to the validity of insurance contract and whether the insured can claim compensation from the insurer after the occurrence of insurance accident. In the international sale of goods, the buyer or seller insured the goods. If the insured does not have an insurable interest when the insured accident occurs, the insured cannot claim compensation from the insurer. Therefore, when the insurance accident occurs, the ownership of insurance benefits not only has a guiding role for both buyers and sellers to insure correctly, but also plays an important role in the correct application of the principle of insurance interests and the improvement of relevant legislation. In the first chapter, the principle of insurance interest is discussed. Based on the analysis of the definition of marine insurance interest in the fifth article of the 1906 British Marine Insurance Act and the classic cases of England such as Lucena V. Craufurd, it is concluded that, Insurance interest refers to the legal economic interest with the subject matter of insurance. 1906 British marine insurance law also clearly determines that the insured must have insurance interest when the insurance accident occurs rather than when insured. But the maritime law of our country has not established this principle clearly, can only sum up this conclusion from the relevant regulation of property insurance in the insurance law of our country. In addition, in the third section of this chapter, the relationship between the attribution of marine insurance benefits and risk transfer is discussed. The second chapter discusses the legal issues of the attribution of insurance interests under the framework of the United Nations Convention on contracts for the Sale of goods. According to the principle of ascription of insurance benefits to risk bearers discussed above, this chapter discusses the general rules of risk burden and the relevant rules of risk burden after default. Generally speaking, CISG adopts the principle of delivery for risk transfer, and the insurance benefits shift with the risk transfer. However, when the buyer breaks the contract or the seller defaults, the risk transfer may be affected, and the ownership of the corresponding insurance benefits will also be affected. Chapter three discusses the rules of risk transfer and the ascription of insurance benefits in British law of sale and purchase of goods. When drafting marine insurance law, our country draws lessons from the relevant rules of British maritime insurance law, and Britain, as a traditional power of maritime trade, has its own law on the sale of goods (Sale of Goods Act1979), and Britain is not a contracting state of CISG. It is of great significance for the future international legislation and practice to study the rules of risk transfer in the law of sale of goods and compare them with CISG. In the fourth chapter, we discuss the attribution of insurance interest under Incoterms2010 on behalf of FOB,CIF and CFR. In order to avoid the "blind spot" in insurance, the buyer and seller have put forward some suggestions to avoid the risk of goods under the above price terms. The fifth chapter discusses the relevant provisions of insurance interests under the framework of Chinese law and puts forward some suggestions on the relevant legislation of China in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.1

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本文編號：2420139