海上旅客人身意外傷害保險(xiǎn)法律問(wèn)題研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-12-18 10:36
【摘要】: 人身保險(xiǎn)根據(jù)保障的范圍,大致可分為三類:人壽保險(xiǎn),健康保險(xiǎn),意外傷害保險(xiǎn),人身意外傷害保險(xiǎn)的保險(xiǎn)利益體現(xiàn)為投保人和被保險(xiǎn)人之間的人身依附關(guān)系或者信賴關(guān)系。人的身體并沒(méi)有金錢價(jià)值,但人與人之間的關(guān)系(親屬關(guān)系)具有利害關(guān)系,其雖不能用金錢價(jià)值予以衡量,然而在實(shí)際生活中常常顧及經(jīng)濟(jì)上的利益。這就是人身意外傷害保險(xiǎn)保險(xiǎn)利益之所在。 保險(xiǎn)有強(qiáng)制保險(xiǎn)與自愿保險(xiǎn)之分,世界上一些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的強(qiáng)制保險(xiǎn)一般分為兩類,一類為以保障國(guó)民基本生活為目的的社會(huì)保險(xiǎn),他對(duì)勞動(dòng)者因生育、年老、患病、殘廢、失業(yè)、死亡等原因失去生活來(lái)源時(shí),在物質(zhì)上給予社會(huì)性幫助。另一類是由國(guó)家通過(guò)立法或行政命令強(qiáng)制投保人與保險(xiǎn)人訂立保險(xiǎn)合同,,目的是為了在商業(yè)和社會(huì)活動(dòng)中維護(hù)社會(huì)公共利益,維護(hù)第三人和弱勢(shì)群體的利益,此類多為責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)。 在歐美發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中,關(guān)于以人為標(biāo)的的保險(xiǎn)或“對(duì)人保險(xiǎn)”分別納入強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)和基本為自愿投保的商業(yè)人身保險(xiǎn),一般只是對(duì)財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)(包括責(zé)任保險(xiǎn))實(shí)施部分強(qiáng)制保險(xiǎn)。有關(guān)人身意外傷害保險(xiǎn),一般不采用強(qiáng)制保險(xiǎn)的辦法。海上旅客意外傷害保險(xiǎn)與其他普通的意外傷害保險(xiǎn)沒(méi)有多大區(qū)別。在我國(guó),除部分“對(duì)人保險(xiǎn)”如旅客意外傷害保險(xiǎn)等根據(jù)我國(guó)社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展情況采用強(qiáng)制保險(xiǎn)外,強(qiáng)制保險(xiǎn)多為財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn),意外傷害保險(xiǎn)采用強(qiáng)制保險(xiǎn)這是我國(guó)有別于他國(guó)的特殊地方。 目前我國(guó)調(diào)整海上旅客運(yùn)輸關(guān)系的相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)有《中華人民共和國(guó)海商法》、《水路旅客運(yùn)輸規(guī)則》、《中華人民共和國(guó)港口間海上旅客運(yùn)輸責(zé)任限額規(guī)定》、《輪船旅客意外傷害強(qiáng)制保險(xiǎn)條例》(1951年)等。盡管我國(guó)一直在不斷地加強(qiáng)海上運(yùn)輸方面的法制建設(shè)工作,但是我們也不能不看到,由于立法和制定法規(guī)時(shí)的社會(huì)發(fā)展階段的局限和政策等原因,仍有忽視或不完備的地方,例如對(duì)于強(qiáng)制實(shí)施海上旅客人身意外傷害保險(xiǎn),《海商法》沒(méi)有規(guī)定,而《輪船旅客意外傷害強(qiáng)制保險(xiǎn)條例》已不適應(yīng)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的要求,已沒(méi)有實(shí)際的應(yīng)用意義,同時(shí)主管部門為了保護(hù)行業(yè)發(fā)展、重經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,對(duì)旅客運(yùn)輸采用責(zé)任限制和國(guó)際海上與沿海旅客運(yùn)輸?shù)呢?zé)任限制“雙軌制”,因而當(dāng)承運(yùn)人的侵權(quán)行為和過(guò)失,或者其他意外事故造成旅客 海上旅客人身意外傷害保險(xiǎn)法律問(wèn)題研究 傷亡,由于種種原因在實(shí)際賠償中賠償不足或無(wú)能力賠償,使當(dāng)事人的利益無(wú)法得 到保障;隨著改革開(kāi)放的深化,對(duì)外交流的日益增多,責(zé)任限制“雙軌制”的弊端 也顯露無(wú)疑:缺乏“公平、平等”的法理基礎(chǔ)。 為了確保受害人得到充分及時(shí)的賠償;防止船公司不為旅客保險(xiǎn),或?qū)⒋敝?該部分費(fèi)用挪作他用,或者為了減少或縮短海事賠償訴訟數(shù)量和過(guò)程,或者在受害 人得不到充分的賠償時(shí),建立完善的社會(huì)保障機(jī)制和分?jǐn)倱p失渠道,有必要修改過(guò) 時(shí)的法規(guī),并實(shí)施強(qiáng)制性海上旅客人身意外傷害保險(xiǎn),以保障海上旅客運(yùn)輸業(yè)的健 康發(fā)展。由于行業(yè)主管部門較多地關(guān)心海上運(yùn)輸?shù)慕?jīng)濟(jì)秩序和安全生產(chǎn),故對(duì)海上 旅客人身傷害的賠償設(shè)立賠償責(zé)任限制,目的是保護(hù)船東、經(jīng)營(yíng)人、租船人的利益。 現(xiàn)在是到了強(qiáng)調(diào)體現(xiàn)法律公平,改變海商法領(lǐng)域重經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,輕法律公平的現(xiàn)狀, 保護(hù)弱者的利益,在效益和公平之間取得平衡的時(shí)候了。 本文將從如下幾方面進(jìn)行研究: 第一章人身意外傷害保險(xiǎn)合同概述,主要論述人身意外傷害保險(xiǎn)的發(fā)展歷程、 特征和一些基本問(wèn)題。 第二章海上旅客人身意外傷害保險(xiǎn)法律制度,主要論述人身傷害的責(zé)任制度、 國(guó)內(nèi)外海上旅客人身意外傷害賠償和保險(xiǎn)的現(xiàn)狀和法律制度、海上旅客人身意外傷 害賠償過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題。 第三章對(duì)完善我國(guó)海上旅客人身意外傷害保險(xiǎn)法律制度提出建議:*建議在修 改《海商法》時(shí),增加有關(guān)旅客人身傷害保險(xiǎn)的條款,明確海上旅客人身意外傷害 保險(xiǎn)與責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)的關(guān)系,*建議主管部門在《海商法》等法律框架下,修改現(xiàn)行有 關(guān)規(guī)章或制定相應(yīng)的規(guī)章,在海上運(yùn)輸中實(shí)施強(qiáng)制保險(xiǎn)(法定保險(xiǎn)),討論其實(shí)施的 現(xiàn)實(shí)意義、可行性、其他強(qiáng)制保險(xiǎn)實(shí)施情況的借鑒,并提出《承運(yùn)人辦理海上旅客 運(yùn)輸意外傷害保險(xiǎn)規(guī)定》條款方案。*建議結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,開(kāi)發(fā)適合 我國(guó)國(guó)情的商業(yè)性海上旅客運(yùn)輸險(xiǎn)種。
[Abstract]:Personal insurance can be divided into three categories according to the scope of the guarantee: life insurance, health insurance, accidental injury insurance, and personal accident insurance. The body of a person has no monetary value, but the relationship between the person and the person (kinship) has a stake, which can not be measured by the value of money, but the economic benefits are often taken into account in the actual life. This is the personal accident that hurt the insurance benefits of the insurance. The insurance is subject to compulsory insurance and voluntary insurance, and the compulsory insurance of some developed countries in the world is generally divided into two categories, a class of social insurance for the purpose of guaranteeing the basic life of the national, when a source of life is lost for reasons such as illness, disability, unemployment, death, etc. The other is to force the applicant to enter into an insurance contract with the insurer through legislation or administrative order to safeguard the interests of the public in commercial and social activities, and to safeguard the interests of the third and the disadvantaged. This type of liability insurance is a liability insurance. In the developed countries of Europe and the United States, the insurance or 鈥渉uman-to-person insurance鈥
本文編號(hào):2385723
[Abstract]:Personal insurance can be divided into three categories according to the scope of the guarantee: life insurance, health insurance, accidental injury insurance, and personal accident insurance. The body of a person has no monetary value, but the relationship between the person and the person (kinship) has a stake, which can not be measured by the value of money, but the economic benefits are often taken into account in the actual life. This is the personal accident that hurt the insurance benefits of the insurance. The insurance is subject to compulsory insurance and voluntary insurance, and the compulsory insurance of some developed countries in the world is generally divided into two categories, a class of social insurance for the purpose of guaranteeing the basic life of the national, when a source of life is lost for reasons such as illness, disability, unemployment, death, etc. The other is to force the applicant to enter into an insurance contract with the insurer through legislation or administrative order to safeguard the interests of the public in commercial and social activities, and to safeguard the interests of the third and the disadvantaged. This type of liability insurance is a liability insurance. In the developed countries of Europe and the United States, the insurance or 鈥渉uman-to-person insurance鈥
本文編號(hào):2385723
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