【摘要】： 近年來,包運合同在國際海上貨物運輸中十分盛行,主要原因是包運合同能夠在一定的時期內給托運人保證足夠的運力,也能給承運人保證足夠的貨源。但是,在包運合同的實際操作過程中,由于調整海上貨物運輸關系的國際公約和國內法規(guī)均沒有關于包運合同的相關規(guī)定,不可避免地出現了一系列糾紛。由于相關法律在包運合同方面規(guī)定的欠缺,很容易導致合同雙方的利益得不到有效的保證。同時,我國作為一個航運大國和貿易大國,包運合同在運輸合同中的比例也逐年上升,在我國,制定包運合同的相關法律規(guī)定具有必要性。 本文先從包運合同定義、特征以及法律性質的分析著手,開展對包運合同相關一系列法律問題的分析。因包運合同性質在某種程度上與連續(xù)航次租船相似,所以在分析過程中,筆者借鑒了英美國家關于航次租船合同和包運合同的相關規(guī)定,同時分析了聯合國國際貿易法委員會制定的《UNCITRAL貨物運輸法草案》內關于包運合同(該草案將包運合同稱為“volume contract”,“總量合同”或“批量合同”)的相關規(guī)定所引發(fā)的相關思考以及澳大利亞、法國關于包運合同下合同自由問題的相關提案,來進一步討論包運合同的相關法律問題。接著,筆者對我國包運合同法律適用的強制性與非強制性問題進行了分析,探討包運合同在我國法律制度下應遵循的合同自由的限度。最后,筆者得出結論:鑒于包運合同的法律性質與連續(xù)航行租船合同相似,建議立法者們在我國《海商法》第四章海上貨物運輸中單設一節(jié),與第七節(jié)《航次租船的特別規(guī)定》并列;同時,法律應對將包運合同雙方會影響到第三方利益以及影響公共利益的義務、合同雙方的責任基礎以及承運人的免責事由做出強制性規(guī)定,而對與包運合同有關的其它事項,尊重合同雙方的合同自愿原則,允許雙方自行協(xié)商,法律的相關規(guī)定僅僅是在雙方合同中沒有規(guī)定或者沒有相反規(guī)定時才適用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the contract of package transportation is very popular in the international carriage of goods by sea. The main reason is that the contract of package shipment can guarantee the shipper enough capacity and the carrier enough source of goods in a certain period of time. However, in the actual operation of the contract, a series of disputes inevitably arise because the international conventions and domestic laws and regulations regulating the relations between the carriage of goods by sea do not have the relevant provisions on the contract of package transportation. Due to the lack of the relevant law in the contract of contract, it is easy to lead to the interests of both parties can not be effectively guaranteed. At the same time, as a big shipping country and a big trading country, the proportion of the package contract in the transport contract is also increasing year by year. In our country, it is necessary to formulate the relevant legal provisions of the contract. This paper begins with the analysis of the definition, characteristics and legal nature of the contract of package shipment, and analyzes a series of legal problems related to the contract of package shipment. Because the nature of the contract is similar to that of the continuous voyage charter to some extent, in the process of analysis, the author draws on the relevant provisions of the voyage charter contract and the charter ship contract in the United States and the United States. At the same time, this paper analyzes the contract of package carriage in the draft Law on the Carriage of goods of UNCITRAL, which is formulated by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (this draft refers to the contract of package carriage as "volume contract", The relevant thinking caused by the relevant provisions of the "volume contract" or "volume contract", and the relevant proposal of Australia and France on the freedom of contract under the contract of package shipping, to further discuss the relevant legal issues of the contract of package shipment. Then, the author analyzes the compulsory and non-mandatory application of the contract law in China, and probes into the limitation of the freedom of contract which should be followed under the legal system of our country. Finally, the author comes to the conclusion that since the legal nature of the contract is similar to that of the charter party for continuous navigation, it is suggested that the legislators should set up a separate section in the fourth chapter of the Maritime Law of China in the carriage of goods by sea. Parallel to Section 7 "Special provisions on voyage chartering"; At the same time, the law shall make mandatory provisions for the parties to the contract to affect the interests of third parties and the obligations affecting the public interest, the basis of the responsibility of the parties to the contract and the reasons for the exemption of the carrier, and for other matters relating to the contract of package shipment, Respect the voluntary principle of the contract between the parties to the contract and allow the parties to negotiate on their own, and the relevant provisions of the law shall apply only if they are not stipulated or otherwise stipulated in the contract between the two parties.
【學位授予單位】：上海海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D996.19

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