【摘要】： 近年來,包運(yùn)合同在國際海上貨物運(yùn)輸中十分盛行,主要原因是包運(yùn)合同能夠在一定的時期內(nèi)給托運(yùn)人保證足夠的運(yùn)力,也能給承運(yùn)人保證足夠的貨源。但是,在包運(yùn)合同的實(shí)際操作過程中,由于調(diào)整海上貨物運(yùn)輸關(guān)系的國際公約和國內(nèi)法規(guī)均沒有關(guān)于包運(yùn)合同的相關(guān)規(guī)定,不可避免地出現(xiàn)了一系列糾紛。由于相關(guān)法律在包運(yùn)合同方面規(guī)定的欠缺,很容易導(dǎo)致合同雙方的利益得不到有效的保證。同時,我國作為一個航運(yùn)大國和貿(mào)易大國,包運(yùn)合同在運(yùn)輸合同中的比例也逐年上升,在我國,制定包運(yùn)合同的相關(guān)法律規(guī)定具有必要性。 本文先從包運(yùn)合同定義、特征以及法律性質(zhì)的分析著手,開展對包運(yùn)合同相關(guān)一系列法律問題的分析。因包運(yùn)合同性質(zhì)在某種程度上與連續(xù)航次租船相似,所以在分析過程中,筆者借鑒了英美國家關(guān)于航次租船合同和包運(yùn)合同的相關(guān)規(guī)定,同時分析了聯(lián)合國國際貿(mào)易法委員會制定的《UNCITRAL貨物運(yùn)輸法草案》內(nèi)關(guān)于包運(yùn)合同(該草案將包運(yùn)合同稱為“volume contract”,“總量合同”或“批量合同”)的相關(guān)規(guī)定所引發(fā)的相關(guān)思考以及澳大利亞、法國關(guān)于包運(yùn)合同下合同自由問題的相關(guān)提案,來進(jìn)一步討論包運(yùn)合同的相關(guān)法律問題。接著,筆者對我國包運(yùn)合同法律適用的強(qiáng)制性與非強(qiáng)制性問題進(jìn)行了分析,探討包運(yùn)合同在我國法律制度下應(yīng)遵循的合同自由的限度。最后,筆者得出結(jié)論:鑒于包運(yùn)合同的法律性質(zhì)與連續(xù)航行租船合同相似,建議立法者們在我國《海商法》第四章海上貨物運(yùn)輸中單設(shè)一節(jié),與第七節(jié)《航次租船的特別規(guī)定》并列;同時,法律應(yīng)對將包運(yùn)合同雙方會影響到第三方利益以及影響公共利益的義務(wù)、合同雙方的責(zé)任基礎(chǔ)以及承運(yùn)人的免責(zé)事由做出強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定,而對與包運(yùn)合同有關(guān)的其它事項(xiàng),尊重合同雙方的合同自愿原則,允許雙方自行協(xié)商,法律的相關(guān)規(guī)定僅僅是在雙方合同中沒有規(guī)定或者沒有相反規(guī)定時才適用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the contract of package transportation is very popular in the international carriage of goods by sea. The main reason is that the contract of package shipment can guarantee the shipper enough capacity and the carrier enough source of goods in a certain period of time. However, in the actual operation of the contract, a series of disputes inevitably arise because the international conventions and domestic laws and regulations regulating the relations between the carriage of goods by sea do not have the relevant provisions on the contract of package transportation. Due to the lack of the relevant law in the contract of contract, it is easy to lead to the interests of both parties can not be effectively guaranteed. At the same time, as a big shipping country and a big trading country, the proportion of the package contract in the transport contract is also increasing year by year. In our country, it is necessary to formulate the relevant legal provisions of the contract. This paper begins with the analysis of the definition, characteristics and legal nature of the contract of package shipment, and analyzes a series of legal problems related to the contract of package shipment. Because the nature of the contract is similar to that of the continuous voyage charter to some extent, in the process of analysis, the author draws on the relevant provisions of the voyage charter contract and the charter ship contract in the United States and the United States. At the same time, this paper analyzes the contract of package carriage in the draft Law on the Carriage of goods of UNCITRAL, which is formulated by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (this draft refers to the contract of package carriage as "volume contract", The relevant thinking caused by the relevant provisions of the "volume contract" or "volume contract", and the relevant proposal of Australia and France on the freedom of contract under the contract of package shipping, to further discuss the relevant legal issues of the contract of package shipment. Then, the author analyzes the compulsory and non-mandatory application of the contract law in China, and probes into the limitation of the freedom of contract which should be followed under the legal system of our country. Finally, the author comes to the conclusion that since the legal nature of the contract is similar to that of the charter party for continuous navigation, it is suggested that the legislators should set up a separate section in the fourth chapter of the Maritime Law of China in the carriage of goods by sea. Parallel to Section 7 "Special provisions on voyage chartering"; At the same time, the law shall make mandatory provisions for the parties to the contract to affect the interests of third parties and the obligations affecting the public interest, the basis of the responsibility of the parties to the contract and the reasons for the exemption of the carrier, and for other matters relating to the contract of package shipment, Respect the voluntary principle of the contract between the parties to the contract and allow the parties to negotiate on their own, and the relevant provisions of the law shall apply only if they are not stipulated or otherwise stipulated in the contract between the two parties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D996.19

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