【摘要】： 國(guó)際海上運(yùn)輸是國(guó)際商事往來、貨物買賣的主要承載方式之一。國(guó)際商事交往隨著全球化風(fēng)暴的到來而更加的頻繁,海上運(yùn)輸?shù)慕灰追绞皆诳鐕?guó)商事交往中的地位也日益突顯,成為跨國(guó)貿(mào)易環(huán)節(jié)中不可缺少的一部分,是國(guó)際商業(yè)活動(dòng)往來中重要的支柱,承擔(dān)著大宗貨物買賣的運(yùn)輸工作,發(fā)揮著橋梁作用。這種變化客觀上帶動(dòng)了相關(guān)法律的發(fā)展,其中調(diào)整海事各方主體相互關(guān)系與權(quán)利義務(wù)的海上保險(xiǎn)法越來越多地受到關(guān)注。 作為國(guó)際商法的重要分支,海上保險(xiǎn)法的國(guó)際性與跨國(guó)性在當(dāng)代前所未有的彰顯,基于實(shí)踐中各國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)法的不一致所帶來的不便與沖突,法律的國(guó)際協(xié)調(diào)問題漸被提到國(guó)際日程。在可選擇的協(xié)調(diào)途徑中,國(guó)際公約與國(guó)際示范法是兩種相對(duì)可行的辦法,然而由于國(guó)際公約自身缺乏開放性與靈活性,對(duì)締約國(guó)要求較高,暫不適宜應(yīng)用于海上保險(xiǎn)法的國(guó)際協(xié)調(diào)。相比之下,示范法的軟法特性與其在國(guó)際商事領(lǐng)域取得的巨大成功,使之具備了擔(dān)任協(xié)調(diào)大任的能力。因此,國(guó)際示范法的協(xié)調(diào)之路更符合海上保險(xiǎn)法的要求。 本文主張采用以傳統(tǒng)的示范條款為主、海上保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條款為輔建立起示范法。本文對(duì)海上保險(xiǎn)法的兩大基本原則——保證與告知義務(wù)分別提出協(xié)調(diào)的建議,建議保留保證制度,但將對(duì)保證的選擇權(quán)交給海上保險(xiǎn)合同當(dāng)事方;在告知義務(wù)中,以平衡合同當(dāng)事人利益為原則,在示范法中以列舉的方式最大可能地明確何為“重要情況”,以此避免理解中各種差異。最后,本文主張?jiān)谑痉稐l款的框架下,選擇性地?cái)M定各種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條款,由保險(xiǎn)雙方根據(jù)需要選擇適用其中一種。
[Abstract]:International maritime transport is one of the main means of carrying goods in international commercial transactions. With the arrival of the globalization storm, international commercial exchanges become more frequent, and the status of maritime transportation in transnational commercial exchanges is increasingly prominent, becoming an indispensable part of transnational trade links. It is an important pillar in the international business activities, and plays a bridge role in the transportation of bulk goods. This change has led to the development of relevant laws objectively, among which the marine insurance law, which adjusts the relationship between the main bodies of the maritime parties and the rights and obligations of the parties, has been paid more and more attention to. As an important branch of international commercial law, the international and transnational nature of marine insurance law is manifested in the contemporary unprecedented, based on the inconveniences and conflicts caused by the inconsistency of the maritime insurance law of various countries in practice. The issue of international coordination of laws has gradually been put on the international agenda. Among the alternative approaches to coordination, international conventions and international model laws are two relatively feasible approaches, however, due to the lack of openness and flexibility in the international conventions themselves, they are more demanding of States parties, It is not suitable for the international coordination of marine insurance law. By contrast, the soft law character of the Model Law and its great success in the field of international commerce have enabled it to assume the coordinating role. Therefore, the harmonization of the international model law is more in line with the requirements of marine insurance law. This paper advocates the establishment of a model law based on the traditional model clauses, supplemented by the marine insurance standard clauses. In this paper, two basic principles of marine insurance law, the obligation of guarantee and the obligation of notification, are proposed to coordinate separately, and it is suggested that the guarantee system should be retained, but the option of guarantee should be given to the parties to the marine insurance contract. Based on the principle of balancing the interests of the parties to the contract, in the Model Law, it is possible to define what is "material case" in the way of enumeration, so as to avoid various differences in understanding. Finally, this paper argues that under the framework of model clauses, various standard clauses should be drawn up selectively, and one of them should be applied by the insurance parties according to their needs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D996.19;D912.28

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