【摘要】：本文運用經濟學和法學的相關原理揭示了市場規(guī)制的本質屬性及其基本內 涵，同時宏觀考察了市場規(guī)制立法及其相應理論問題的發(fā)展歷史，認為市場規(guī)制 問題是隨著現代意義上的市場經濟的出現及其深度發(fā)展而來的，市場主體的個人 逐利與社會公共利益的矛盾性決定了市場規(guī)制的必要性，市場競爭決定了市場規(guī) 制以救濟市場失靈為臨界以及充分尊重市場機制的運行為前提。因此，對市場規(guī) 制作為救濟市場經濟固有失靈性的必要手段，相對于自由競爭這一市場經濟的本 位屬性而言，市場規(guī)制不能不處于非本位的補充性地位。市場經濟是法治經濟， 市場規(guī)制作為市場經濟的一種外在補充手段，其對于法治的需求和依賴自是順理 成章。市場機制的運行，同樣既需要有相應的私法(民商法)來規(guī)范各種市場行 為，也需要有相應的公法(行政法)來規(guī)范各種政府經濟行為。但傳統(tǒng)私法不能 彌補市場缺陷的需求，傳統(tǒng)公法也不能滿足彌補政府缺陷的需求，所以，市場缺 陷和政府缺陷的彌補，不僅需要私法公法化和公法私法化，而且還需要兼容公法 與私法、由經濟法和社會法所構成的第三領域。于是市場規(guī)制法也就應運而生了。 一類新型的法律部門的產生，除了其外部原因外，，還有法發(fā)展的內在規(guī)律起 作用：民商法、行政法由于自身的局限導致了社會關系調節(jié)上的法律缺位，市場 規(guī)制法才有可能作為彌補法律空缺的新形態(tài)產生，如果民商法、行政法通過自身 的演變能解決市場失靈等諸多問題，市場規(guī)制法就沒有產生的獨立價值，其也就 實實在在成為一門“剩余學科”。民商法承擔了培育和發(fā)展市場經濟的歷史職責： 維護私權、自由契約、鼓勵競爭。因而，民商法已深深“嵌入”市場經濟的肌體 之中，當市場失靈時，秩序的混亂實際上是驗證了法律規(guī)則的失靈。為此，民商 法運行了一定程度的自我修復機制，通過“外接”模式作為通過其它法律領域的 切入點，如通過民商法的社會化、民商關系與公權力的接軌等設計，試圖在一定 程度上緩解多元化利益沖突下私法的局限性，保持與整個社會體制的順暢運作。 但其以個體為本位的天然本質，決定了其在協調個體之外的因素時具有不可克服 的功能性局限。傳統(tǒng)行政法關注的是“政府失靈”問題，控權、限權構成了行政 法的主旨。為適應政府職能的轉變，行政法順應時勢，及時修復，日漸將研究視 野拓展至公共領域、市場管理、行政契約、利益集團乃至民間組織，由此所帶來 的法律變化稱為“行政法社會化”。但以政府為本位，以行政權力行使為主旨的行 政法，如同民商法逾越不了市場經濟一樣，始終因其內在品質和結構限定了其邊 界，既離不開行政權力這一中心和主軸，也改變不了其“公法”的內在品性。民 商法、行政法各自的局限性為創(chuàng)設新的法律規(guī)則，提供了契機，這就是市場規(guī)制 體系的形成與發(fā)展。 當然，研究中國的市場規(guī)制問題，不能不借鑒成功市場經濟國家的經驗。本 文借用諾思的“路徑依賴”理論，根據不同國家現代化道路的不同將世界主要市 場經濟國家分為內、外源式兩類。由于各自現代化道路具體“路徑”的不同，其 市場規(guī)制的發(fā)展歷程也各異。在內源式模式下，市場規(guī)制是經濟自由發(fā)展的結果， 而在外源式模式下，市場規(guī)制則一般是政府推進的產物。因此，在普遍尊重市場 經濟總體規(guī)律及其共性要求的前提下，不同國家在解決各自的市場規(guī)制問題及其 進行相應法制構建時，具體做法是不同的。內源式現代化國家市場規(guī)制所面臨的 主要問題一般是“經濟性”壟斷、限制競爭行為等作為自由經濟“自然”發(fā)展結 果的“伴生性”經濟問題。因此，其相應規(guī)制立法也往往是在充分尊重作為市場 經濟基礎法律要素—各私法要素的前提下進行的，通常表現為一種“補充性” —補充原有以私法為主體的法律體系的欠缺功能的能動規(guī)范。而外源式現代化 國家市場規(guī)制面臨的焦點問題往往并非內源式現代化國家那種所謂經濟自然發(fā)展 伴生現象的“純經濟性”問題，而主要是克服原來過于強大、過于膨脹的公共權 力對社會經濟生活的過度管制、干預及隨體制轉軌而來的各種伴生現象問題，同 時合理界定公共權力在市場規(guī)制問題上的作用空間和范圍，謹慎防范因原來公共 權力系統(tǒng)和公共權力理念過于發(fā)達所可能導致的過度的“政府失靈”問題。 我國作為一個后起的外源式現代化國家，與西方發(fā)達市場經濟國家的情況相 反，我國目前市場規(guī)制方面存在的主要問題，不是西方國家伴隨市場高度成熟而 帶來的“市場失靈”，而是市場發(fā)育不充分、市場機制不健全，即所謂“市場不夠”， 主要根源是以行政權力為主導的作為原有體制遺留問題的公共權力對市場的過度 限制，以權力限制、排斥甚至替代競爭，從而抑制、阻止市場機制正常發(fā)揮作用。 因此，我國對于市場規(guī)制立法問題的解決，既要充分汲取其他現代化國家市場經 濟建設的相關成功經驗，又不能完全遵循和照搬西方發(fā)達市場經濟國家的一般做 法，而必須充分考慮我國自身面臨的特殊背景，要特別注意防止利用強勢的公權 力對市場的過度干預，妨礙市場機制作用的正常發(fā)揮，盡快完善市場規(guī)制立法， 以促進經濟和社會的良性運行和協調發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Using the relevant principles of economics and jurisprudence, this article reveals the essential attribute of market regulation and its basic nature.
At the same time, the development history of the legislation of market regulation and its corresponding theoretical problems is macroscopically investigated, and the market regulation is considered.
The problem is that with the emergence of the modern sense of the market economy and its depth of development, the market subject of the individual
The contradiction between profit-seeking and social public interests determines the necessity of market regulation, and market competition determines market regulation.
The precondition of regulation is to relieve market failure and fully respect the operation of market mechanism.
Making is a necessary means to remedy the inherent failure of market economy, as opposed to free competition, the essence of market economy.
In terms of attribute, market regulation can not be placed in a non standard supplementary position. Market economy is a rule of law economy.
Market regulation, as an external supplementary means of market economy, is justified in its need for and dependence on the rule of law.
The operation of market mechanism also requires the corresponding private law (Civil and Commercial Law) to regulate various market operations.
In order to regulate all kinds of government economic behavior, the traditional private law can not be regulated.
The traditional public law can not meet the needs of the government to make up for the market deficiency. Therefore, the market lacks.
To make up for the defects of the government, we need not only to make private law public and public law private, but also to be compatible with public law.
Private law is the third field consisting of economic law and social law.
The emergence of a new type of legal department, apart from its external causes, also has the inherent law of the development of law.
Role: Civil and commercial law, administrative law due to its own limitations led to the regulation of social relations in the absence of law, Market
Regulation law can be produced as a new form to make up for the legal vacancy. If civil and commercial law, administrative law passes itself.
Evolution can solve many problems, such as market failure. Market regulation law has no independent value, and so on.
In fact, it has become a "residual discipline". Civil and commercial law has undertaken the historical responsibility of cultivating and developing market economy.
Safeguarding private rights, free contracts and encouraging competition, so civil and commercial law has been deeply embedded in the body of market economy.
In fact, when the market fails, the disorder of order is actually verifying the failure of legal rules.
Law operates a certain degree of self-repairing mechanism through the "external" model as through other areas of law.
Pointcuts, such as the socialization of civil and commercial law, the integration of civil and commercial relations and public power, are designed to be certain.
To a certain extent, it can alleviate the limitations of private law under the conflict of interests and maintain smooth operation with the whole social system.
But its individual-based nature determines that it is insurmountable in coordinating factors outside the individual.
The traditional administrative law is concerned with the problem of "government failure", and power control and power restriction constitute the administration.
In order to adapt to the transformation of government functions, the administrative law is becoming more and more important.
Wilderness extends to public domain, market management, administrative contract, interest groups and even non-governmental organizations.
The change of law is called "the socialization of administrative law", but the government-oriented and the exercise of administrative power as the main purpose
Politics and law, just as civil and commercial law can not go beyond the market economy, have always been limited by its inherent quality and structure.
The boundary can not be separated from the center and main axis of administrative power, nor can it change the internal quality of its "public law".
The limitations of commercial law and administrative law provide an opportunity for the creation of new legal rules, which is market regulation.
The formation and development of the system.
Of course, the study of China's market regulation can not fail to learn from the experience of successful market economy countries.
Based on North's theory of "path dependence", this paper tries to find out the major cities in the world according to the different modernization paths of different countries.
The field economic countries are divided into two categories: internal and external.
The development process of market regulation is also different. Under the endogenous mode, market regulation is the result of free economic development.
In the exogenous mode, market regulation is generally the product of the government's promotion. Therefore, the market is universally respected.
On the premise of the general economic law and its common requirements, different countries are solving their own market regulation problems
The concrete measures are different when the corresponding legal system is constructed. the market regulation of the endogenous modernized country is faced with
The main problems are generally "economic" monopoly, restriction of competitive behavior as a free economy "natural" development knot.
Consequently, the corresponding regulatory legislation is often fully respecting the market as a market.
The basic elements of economic law, which are based on the elements of private law, usually appear as a kind of "complementarity".
- to supplement the active norms of the original legal system with private law as the main body.
The focus of national market regulation is often not the so-called natural economic development of the endogenous modernized countries.
The problem of "pure economy" accompanied by phenomena is mainly to overcome the over-powerful and over-inflated public rights.
The problems of excessive regulation of social and economic life, intervention and various concomitant phenomena arising from the transformation of the system are the same.
Reasonably define the role of public power in the market regulation issues and scope, cautious precautions against the original public
The excessive "government failure" problem caused by the excessive development of the power system and the concept of public power.
As a backward and modernized country, China is confronted with the western developed market economy countries.
On the contrary, the main problem of market regulation in China is not that the western countries are accompanied by highly mature markets.
The "market failure" brought about is the insufficient development of the market and the imperfect market mechanism, that is, the so-called "insufficient market".
The main reason is the excessive influence of public power on the market as a legacy of the original system, which is dominated by administrative power.
Restriction, restriction of power, exclusion or even substitution of competition, inhibit and prevent market mechanism from functioning normally.
Therefore, in order to solve the problem of market regulation legislation in China, we should draw on the market experience of other modern countries.
Successful experience in economic construction can not be fully followed and copied from the general practice of the developed market economy countries in the West.
The law, however, must fully consider the special background that our country is facing and pay special attention to preventing the use of powerful public power.
The excessive intervention of force on the market will impede the normal exertion of the role of the market mechanism and improve the legislation of market regulation as soon as possible.
In order to promote the benign operation and coordinated development of the economy and society.
【學位授予單位】：江西財經大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：D922.29

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