本文選題：損害補償 + 保險利益��； 參考：《上海海運學(xué)院》2002年碩士論文

【摘要】： 早在大學(xué)時代接觸保險法時就發(fā)現(xiàn)保險法中對于許多制度有爭論之處。投保人是否應(yīng)當(dāng)具有保險利益，人身保險中的保險利益問題，代位求償問題，超額投保的善惡意之分及健康保險中的重復(fù)保險問題等均存有爭議。事實上，損害補償原則即是這些問題的中心。從保險的創(chuàng)立原意來看，損害補償原則的貫徹可以讓保險的實施更合理，發(fā)展更健全。因此損害補償原則的討論將可以更清楚了解保險法中相關(guān)爭論的重心，甚至可以找到合理的立論加以解決。 損害補償原則是保險法諸原則的基礎(chǔ)，指當(dāng)保險事故發(fā)生使被保險人遭受損失時，保險人必須在責(zé)任范圍內(nèi)對被保險人所受的實際損失進行補償，使被保險人業(yè)因保險事故發(fā)生造成的損害降到最低，使其恢復(fù)到損失前所處的經(jīng)濟狀況。我國保險法在相關(guān)規(guī)定中確認(rèn)了這一原則。但是未將本原則作出明確規(guī)定。 據(jù)我國《保險法》第十一條第四款的規(guī)定，可知我國保險法將保險標(biāo)的作為分來標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，將保險分成財產(chǎn)保險和人身保險兩大類。由于財產(chǎn)保險與人身保險的性質(zhì)與目的不同，因此很難歸納出一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來規(guī)范。事實上也造成損害補償原則相關(guān)制度適用上的困擾，因此對現(xiàn)行保險法的保險分類方式建議修改成—損害補償保險與定額給付保險，這樣使制度的適用上有一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可依循。 損害是利益的反面，因此保險利益在損害補償原則中有無法取代的作用，，但是大陸法系與英美法系中對保險利益有不同的見解，使我國保險法在這一問題上存有混淆，也影響了損害補償原則的適用。如果從損害補償原則的角度來看保險利益的主體問題，將可解決現(xiàn)行制度上常發(fā)生的爭議。保險代位是損害補償原則的派生原則早為學(xué)者所肯定，但是海商法中的委付與物上代位又有何不同之處也是本文須討論的重點。我國保險法只規(guī)定了重復(fù)保險，無法解決數(shù)個保險合同同時存在時，如何遵守?fù)p害補償原則的問題，因此有必要引入保險競合概念，在保險法修改時填補這一空白。保險理賠是損害補償原則真正貫徹落實的關(guān)鍵。因此從保險理賠的角度觀察損害補償原則有其特殊性。事實上，無論是不足額保險或是超額保險均須有符合損害補償原則的規(guī)定。 損害補償原則在保險制度中具有重要地位，許多學(xué)者對此原則均有其獨到的見解。由于篇幅及筆者能力所限，本文僅以損害補償原則在保險法中的運用及其缺失為題，通過收集各國對于損害補償原則的著作論文，比較、歸納分析相關(guān)資料，總結(jié)提出使損害補償原則能在保險法中貫徹落實，并與其相關(guān)制度—保險利益、重復(fù)保險與保險競合、保險代位及實際損害理賠等統(tǒng)一配套使用的方案，及保險法的修改建議。
[Abstract]:Many systems in insurance law have been debated in the law of insurance as early as college time when they came into contact with the law of insurance. Whether the policy holder should have the insurance interest, the insurance interest question in the life insurance, the subrogation claim question, the good and malevolent division of the over-insured and the duplicate insurance question in the health insurance and so on all have the dispute. In fact, the principle of compensation for damage is at the heart of these issues. From the original meaning of insurance, the implementation of the principle of compensation for damages can make the implementation of insurance more reasonable and more sound. Therefore, the discussion of the principle of compensation for damages will give a clearer understanding of the focus of the debate in the insurance law, and even find a reasonable argument to solve it. The principle of compensation for damages is the basis of the principles of insurance law, which means that when the insured suffers losses due to the occurrence of an insurance accident, the insurer must compensate the insured for the actual losses suffered by the insured within the scope of his liability. To minimize the damage caused by insurance accidents and restore the insured industry to the economic condition it was in before the loss. The insurance law of our country confirms this principle in the relevant regulation. However, this principle is not clearly defined. According to the provisions of Article 11 (4) of our country's Insurance Law, we can see that the Insurance Law takes the subject-matter of insurance as the standard of division, and divides the insurance into two categories: property insurance and personal insurance. Because the nature and purpose of property insurance and personal insurance are different, it is difficult to conclude a standard to standardize. As a matter of fact, it also causes problems in the application of the relevant systems of the principle of compensation for damages. Therefore, the classification of insurance in the current insurance law should be revised as-damage compensation insurance and fixed payment insurance, so that there are certain standards to be followed in the application of the system. Damage is the opposite of interest, so insurance interest plays an irreplaceable role in the principle of compensation for damages. However, there are different views on insurance interests in civil law system and common law system, which makes the insurance law of our country confused on this issue. It also affects the application of the principle of compensation for damages. If we look at the subject problem of insurance interest from the angle of the principle of compensation for damages, we can solve the disputes that often occur in the current system. The subrogation of insurance is the derivative principle of the principle of compensation for damages, but what is the difference between the subrogation and the subrogation in goods in maritime law is also the key point to be discussed in this paper. The insurance law of our country only provides for duplicate insurance, which cannot solve the problem of how to abide by the principle of compensation for damages when several insurance contracts exist simultaneously. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the concept of insurance concurrence and fill in this gap when the insurance law is amended. Insurance claims is the key to implement the principle of compensation for damages. Therefore, it has its particularity to observe the principle of damage compensation from the angle of insurance claim. In fact, both underinsurance and overinsurance must comply with the principle of compensation for damages. The principle of compensation for damages plays an important role in the insurance system, and many scholars have their own opinions on this principle. Due to the limitation of space and the author's ability, this paper focuses on the application of the principle of compensation for damages in the insurance law and its deficiency. Through the collection of works and papers on the principle of compensation for damages in various countries, the paper summarizes and analyzes the relevant materials. In this paper, the author puts forward that the principle of compensation for damages can be carried out in the insurance law, and that the relevant systems-insurance interests, duplicate insurance and insurance competition, insurance subrogation and actual damage claim can be used together, and the amendment of insurance law is also suggested.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海運學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2002
【分類號】：D922.284

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 厲英;試論損失補償原則在人身保險中的應(yīng)用[D];山東大學(xué);2011年

本文編號：2112639