本文選題：保證 + 告知��； 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 海上保險中的保證制度作為最大誠信原則的體現(xiàn),是保險人借以控制承保風(fēng)險的重要手段。該制度在英國1906年海上保險法中被首次確立為一項法律制度。但那時的保證制度,以被保險人履行義務(wù)的嚴(yán)格性和違反義務(wù)后果的嚴(yán)厲性而為人所知,充分體現(xiàn)著維護(hù)保險人利益的立法宗旨。因而在此制度下,盡管保險人的利益得到了較為充分的保護(hù),但卻嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了被保險人的正當(dāng)利益——這一苛刻的法律制度很容易使被保險人動輒得咎,并進(jìn)而喪失保險保障�，F(xiàn)如今,保證似乎已漸漸演變成保險人逃避責(zé)任的工具,其帶來的負(fù)面效應(yīng)甚至超過了該制度應(yīng)有的積極作用。為此,世界范圍內(nèi)掀起了一股揚棄、修正保證制度的熱潮。 我國的海上保險法律體系主要由《保險法》和《海商法》構(gòu)成。其中,只有《海商法》的第235條提及保證。而這僅有的一條法律規(guī)定不僅不夠完備,還有失嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。可以說,我國目前尚不存在完備的保證制度。但是,另一方面,不論是從司法解釋有關(guān)保證條款的規(guī)定來看,還是就保證制度本身的價值講,都可以肯定,我國不僅在事實上已承認(rèn)了保證條款在實踐中的應(yīng)用,更有意在海上保險法律領(lǐng)域全面引入這一制度。 眾所周知,各國在完善本國保證制度的過程中,存在著不同的做法。我國也同樣面臨著如何構(gòu)建與完善保證制度這一問題。就目前看,各國對保證制度爭議的焦點主要集中以下幾個方面,例如:保證事項是否應(yīng)當(dāng)與風(fēng)險相關(guān),違反保證與損失之間是否應(yīng)當(dāng)有因果關(guān)系,被保險人違反保證應(yīng)承擔(dān)何法律后果,保證是否應(yīng)當(dāng)在保險合同中明確約定。本文的主體部分將以這些焦點問題為討論對象,立足我國自身的法律環(huán)境,對它們逐一地展開分析,以期從中探索保證制度在我國的應(yīng)然模式。同時,在討論中,筆者還比較分析了我國現(xiàn)有的與保證制度相關(guān)的其他制度,力求在構(gòu)建保證制度時既使各制度相銜接又能體現(xiàn)出各自的特點和功能。更重要的是,在此過程中,筆者還一并剖析了我國現(xiàn)有法律規(guī)定中存在的詬病,并就此提出了改革方案。此外,在文章的結(jié)尾部分,筆者還提出了一套較為完整的保證制度法律規(guī)則的建議條款,期望能起拋磚引玉之效。
[Abstract]:As the embodiment of the principle of maximum good faith, the guarantee system in marine insurance is an important means for the insurer to control the underwriting risk. This system was first established as a legal system in the 1906 Marine Insurance Act of England. However, the guarantee system at that time was known as the strictness of the insurant's obligation and the severity of the consequence of breach of the obligation, which fully embodied the legislative purpose of safeguarding the insurer's interests. Therefore, in this system, although the interests of the insurer have been fully protected, it has seriously damaged the legitimate interests of the insured-this harsh legal system can easily make the insured liable to blame and then lose the insurance protection. Nowadays, guarantee seems to have gradually evolved into a tool for the insurer to evade its responsibilities, with more negative effects than the system should have. To this end, the world set off a wave of sublation, revision of the guarantee system upsurge. The legal system of marine insurance in China is mainly composed of Insurance Law and Maritime Law. Of these, only article 235 of the Maritime Code refers to warranty. The only legal provision is not only incomplete, but also lax. It can be said that our country does not have a complete guarantee system at present. On the other hand, whether from the provisions of judicial interpretation of the provisions of the guarantee clause, or from the value of the guarantee system itself, it can be affirmed that our country has not only recognized the application of the guarantee clause in practice. More interested in the field of marine insurance law to fully introduce this system. As we all know, different countries have different methods in the process of perfecting their own guarantee system. Our country also faces the problem of how to construct and perfect the guarantee system. For the time being, the focus of the dispute over the guarantee system is mainly focused on the following aspects: whether the guarantee should be related to the risk, and whether there should be a causal relationship between breach of the guarantee and loss, What legal consequences should the insured bear in breach of warranty, and whether the warranty should be specified in the insurance contract? The main body of this paper will focus on these issues as the object of discussion, based on our own legal environment, the analysis of them one by one, in order to explore the guarantee system in our country should be the mode. At the same time, in the discussion, the author makes a comparative analysis of other systems related to the guarantee system in our country, and tries to make sure that the guarantee system can not only link up with each other, but also reflect its own characteristics and functions. More importantly, in this process, the author also analyzes the existing laws and regulations in our country, and puts forward the reform plan. In addition, at the end of the article, the author also puts forward a set of relatively complete legal rules and regulations of the guarantee system, which is expected to be effective.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D922.294;D922.284

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本文編號：1984748