本文選題：沈家本 + 清末修律　； 參考：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2004年碩士論文

【摘要】：沈家本(1840——1913)是中國(guó)近代史上著名的法學(xué)家。他曾對(duì)中國(guó)法制的近代化作過(guò)較大貢獻(xiàn)。本文通過(guò)三個(gè)部分,對(duì)沈家本的法律思想及其與中國(guó)法制近代化的關(guān)系作了一些分析、探討。 第一部分,清末法制近代轉(zhuǎn)型的背景。中國(guó)法制的近代化是一個(gè)艱難、曲折的過(guò)程。這一過(guò)程的基本內(nèi)涵,表現(xiàn)為揚(yáng)棄傳統(tǒng)法律體系,在吸收西方法律理論和法律原則的基礎(chǔ)上,建立具有近代意義的新的法律體系。 治外法權(quán)的喪失,不但嚴(yán)重破壞了中國(guó)的司法主權(quán),而且也嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了中國(guó)人的民族自尊心和自信心。隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài)的半封建半殖民地化,出現(xiàn)了新的社會(huì)關(guān)系和經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系,傳統(tǒng)法律對(duì)此無(wú)力進(jìn)行調(diào)整。經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力日益增強(qiáng)的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)要求法律保護(hù)他們利益,封建法律顯然沒(méi)有這方面的內(nèi)容。國(guó)門(mén)洞開(kāi)后隨之而來(lái)的“西學(xué)東漸”,使得中國(guó)先進(jìn)的知識(shí)分子受到了西方法文化的洗禮。他們對(duì)西方資本主義法律制度也由朦朧到清晰、由破碎到系統(tǒng)、由介紹到稱(chēng)贊,由宣傳到實(shí)踐,不斷加深認(rèn)識(shí)。義和團(tuán)運(yùn)動(dòng)雖然被鎮(zhèn)壓下去了,但帝國(guó)主義和清王朝都感覺(jué)無(wú)法照舊統(tǒng)治下去。帝國(guó)主義想把中國(guó)的法律改造成為“西式”的法律,以更好地維護(hù)它們的在華利益,而清政府希望通過(guò)法律改革收回領(lǐng)事裁判權(quán),以鞏固自己的統(tǒng)治。在這些種種內(nèi)力外力的共同作用下,20世紀(jì)初,中國(guó)法制開(kāi)始了向近代的轉(zhuǎn)型。沈家本主持的法制變革就是在這種背景下進(jìn)行的。 第二部分,沈家本的法律思想與法律實(shí)踐。沈家本是當(dāng)時(shí)聞名的律學(xué)家。他雖然通曉古律,但卻并不泥于古。他以“會(huì)通中西”為宗旨,將西方的法律體系、法律原則納入新制定的法律,他主張廢除殘酷的刑罰手段、刪除比附、主張法律平等、主張實(shí)行懲治教育等,使中國(guó)法制與世界法制文明接軌。他所主持的修律在民商法、刑法、訴訟法、法院組織法等方面都取得了豐碩的成果,初步建構(gòu)起了由部門(mén)法組成的近代法系。 第三部分,沈家本的法律思想對(duì)中國(guó)法制近代化的影響及其局限性。清末修律在中國(guó)法制史上具有劃時(shí)代的意義。它雖然是走投無(wú)路的清政府為了維護(hù)統(tǒng)治而不得不采取的一項(xiàng)改革措施,但它在客觀上卻促成了中國(guó)封建法制向近代法制的轉(zhuǎn)變。沈家本作為這次修律的主要主持者,他的思想必然會(huì)對(duì)法制近代化產(chǎn)生影響。修律時(shí)所制訂的一些法律,被后來(lái)的南京臨時(shí)政府、北洋政府和國(guó)民政府援用。在修律過(guò)程中,沈家本引進(jìn)的司法獨(dú)立、法律面前人人平等、立法統(tǒng)一及人道主義、罪行法定等原則,至今仍然是我們立法和司法所遵循的原則。 沈家本生活的時(shí)代是中國(guó)社會(huì)大動(dòng)蕩大變革的時(shí)代,也是中西法律開(kāi)始接觸并激烈碰撞的時(shí)代。固有的以綱常名教為核心的封建法律文化,具有對(duì)外來(lái)法律文化的排它性;而以資產(chǎn)階級(jí)人文主義為核心的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)法律文化雖然挾著不可阻擋之勢(shì),洶涌地侵入中國(guó),但卻缺乏迅速發(fā)展的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。因此,中西法律文化碰撞的結(jié)果,必然產(chǎn)生激烈的斗爭(zhēng),而一些封建落后的思想也不可能馬上退出歷史舞臺(tái)。這個(gè)時(shí)代的特點(diǎn),給沈家本的法律思想打上了深刻的烙印,使他的思想不可避免地帶有這樣或那樣的局限性。
[Abstract]:Shen Jiaben (1840 - 1913) is a famous jurist in modern Chinese history. He has made a great contribution to the modern Chinese legal system. Through three parts, this article analyses Shen Jiaben's legal thought and its relationship with the modernization of China's legal system.
The first part is the background of the transformation of the modern legal system in the late Qing Dynasty. The modernization of China's legal system is a difficult and tortuous process. The basic connotation of this process is to establish a new legal system with modern significance on the basis of absorbing the western legal theory and legal principles.
The loss of extraterritorial legal rights has not only seriously damaged the judicial sovereignty of China, but also seriously damaged the national pride and self-confidence of the Chinese people. With the semi feudal and semi colonial transformation of the social and economic forms, new social relations and economic relations have appeared, and the traditional law has not been adjusted. The feudal law obviously had no content in the law to protect their interests. The "Western learning to the East" followed the opening of the country. The Chinese advanced intellectuals were baptized by the western law culture. They were also obscure to the system, from the broken to the system, from the introduction to the praise, from the propaganda. Although the Boxer Movement was suppressed, the imperialists and the Qing Dynasty felt unable to rule. The imperialists wanted to transform the Chinese law into a "western" law to better safeguard their interests in China, and the Qing government hoped to recover the consular jurisdiction through legal reform. In order to consolidate his rule, under the joint action of these internal forces and external forces, the Chinese legal system began to transform to modern times in the early twentieth Century. The legal reform presided by Shen Jiaben was carried out in this context.
The second part, Shen Jiaben's legal thought and legal practice. Shen Jiaben is a famous law scientist at that time. Although he knew the ancient law, he did not muddy in ancient times. He took the western legal system and the legal principles into the new law with the aim of "meeting the West and the West". He advocated abolishing the cruel means of punishment, deleting the appending, and advocating the equality of the law. He advocated the practice of punishing education and so on to bring the Chinese legal system into line with the civilization of the legal system in the world. The law he presided over in the civil and commercial law, the criminal law, the law of litigation, the law of the court and so on, have made a great achievement, and initially constructed the modern legal system composed of department law.
The third part, the influence and limitations of Shen Jiaben's Legal Thought on the modernization of Chinese legal system. The revision of the law in the late Qing Dynasty has epoch-making significance in the history of Chinese legal system. Although it is a reform measure that the Qing government has to take to safeguard its rule, it has contributed to the modern law of China's feudal legal system to the modern law. As the chief leader of the law, Shen Jiaben, as the chief leader of the law, was bound to have an influence on the modernization of the legal system. Some laws formulated during the period were invoked by the later Nanjing provisional government, the Beiyang government and the national government. In the course of the law, the judicial independence introduced by Shen Jiaben, the equality before the law, and the unification of the legislation. The principles of humanitarianism and legality are still the principles followed by our legislation and judiciary.
The time of Shen Jiaben's life is an era of great social turmoil and great change in Chinese society. It is also an era of beginning contact and fierce collision between Chinese and western laws. The inherent feudal legal culture, with the core of the program as the core, has the exclusion of the foreign legal culture, while the bourgeois legal culture, with the core of bourgeois humanism, has not been carried out. It is a barrier to invade China, but it lacks the material basis for rapid development. Therefore, the result of the collision between Chinese and western legal culture inevitably produces a fierce struggle, and some feudal backward ideas can not immediately withdraw from the historical stage. The characteristics of this era have imprinted Shen Jiaben's legal thought deeply and made him. Ideas inevitably have such or such limitations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D909.2

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1 李建澄;;淺論沈家本會(huì)通中外的刑法思想[J];湖北警官學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2011年04期

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本文編號(hào)：1930327