本文選題：承運人 + 適航義務(wù)��； 參考：《天津財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：船舶適航是海上貨物運輸承運人的一項基本首要義務(wù),然而由于國際公約和各國法律在規(guī)定上的不明確和不統(tǒng)一,長久以來這一問題存在著很多爭議。對適航問題應(yīng)當(dāng)從歷史演變、司法實踐等方面進行全面論述,通過援引相關(guān)權(quán)威判例,吸收國內(nèi)外的主要研究成果等途徑,采用文義解釋法、比較解釋法結(jié)合辯證分析法交叉分析論題,以達到對這一國內(nèi)外法學(xué)焦點問題提出有價值的建議的目的。船舶適航性的概念和歷史發(fā)展,應(yīng)介紹各個法典對船舶適航性的概念的規(guī)定,結(jié)合各法律所屬時代的經(jīng)濟社會狀況,分析法律的發(fā)生、進步和變革歷程。承運人適航義務(wù)的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及時間界定,應(yīng)將船舶適航分為客觀適航和主觀適航,此外,還應(yīng)描述當(dāng)船貨雙方發(fā)生船舶適航性糾紛時對船舶適航的舉證責(zé)任的重新、合理的分配,要對船舶適航義務(wù)的時間界定擺明立場,支持“時間段說”和“預(yù)定適航主義”。承運人適航義務(wù)與免責(zé),應(yīng)闡述承運人適航義務(wù)的重要性及其首要地位,具體分析在幾大海運公約中適航義務(wù)與免責(zé)的關(guān)系。承運人適航義務(wù)的發(fā)展態(tài)勢,應(yīng)通過對《ISM規(guī)則》、《鹿特丹規(guī)則》以及英美判例法對承運人適航義務(wù)的影響,展現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代海運規(guī)則的發(fā)展趨勢和進步空間。我國《海商法》的應(yīng)對措施,應(yīng)論述在船舶適航標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、責(zé)任期間、舉證責(zé)任分配、借鑒國內(nèi)外判例等方面作出能夠與國際接軌的改進。 通過對船舶適航性和承運人適航義務(wù)的細致分析,找出解決分歧的辦法,針對我國的具體情況提出諸如重新合理分配船舶適航的舉證責(zé)任,亦或是應(yīng)重視國內(nèi)外司法判例對海商立法的影響,再或是應(yīng)在船舶運輸業(yè)的管理和操作方面進行改進等創(chuàng)新建議,以期對我國航海運輸事業(yè)和《海商法》的完善做出貢獻。
[Abstract]:Ship seaworthiness is one of the most important obligations of the carrier in the carriage of goods by sea. However, due to the lack of clarity and unity in the provisions of international conventions and laws of various countries, there have been many disputes on this issue for a long time. The problem of airworthiness should be comprehensively discussed from the aspects of historical evolution and judicial practice. By invoking relevant authoritative precedents and absorbing the main research results at home and abroad, the method of literal interpretation should be adopted. The comparative interpretation method combined with dialectical analysis method is used to analyze the topic in order to put forward valuable suggestions to this domestic and foreign legal focal point. The concept and historical development of ship seaworthiness should introduce the definition of ship seaworthiness in various codes, and analyze the process of law occurrence, progress and reform in the light of the economic and social conditions of the times to which each law belongs. The judgment standard and time definition of carrier's seaworthiness obligation should be divided into objective seaworthiness and subjective seaworthiness. In addition, it should also describe the reproof of the burden of proof of seaworthiness when there is a ship seaworthiness dispute between the ship and the cargo. The reasonable allocation should define the time of the ship's seaworthiness obligation and support the "time period theory" and "scheduled airworthiness doctrine". The importance and primary position of carrier's seaworthiness obligation should be expounded, and the relationship between seaworthiness obligation and exemption in several major maritime conventions should be analyzed in detail. The development trend of carrier's seaworthiness obligation should show the development trend and progressive space of modern maritime transport rules through the influence of ISM rule, Rotterdam rule and Anglo-American case law on carrier's seaworthiness obligation. The countermeasures of China's Maritime Law should be discussed in the aspects of ship seaworthiness standard, liability period, distribution of burden of proof, reference to domestic and foreign precedents, and so on. Through the careful analysis of ship seaworthiness and carrier's seaworthiness obligation, the author finds out the solutions to the differences, and puts forward the burden of proof such as redistributing the ship seaworthiness reasonably according to the specific situation of our country. Or we should pay attention to the influence of domestic and foreign judicial precedents on the maritime business legislation, or we should improve the management and operation of the shipping industry in order to contribute to the improvement of maritime transport industry and maritime law in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.19

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本文編號：1922855