本文選題：公司 + 公司章程��； 參考：《江蘇大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 公司章程作為公司組成的必備要素之一,是公司自治的規(guī)范性體現(xiàn)。當(dāng)公司章程作為公司的內(nèi)部“憲章”,對(duì)公司的目的、組織、結(jié)構(gòu)等核心內(nèi)容進(jìn)行規(guī)定,體現(xiàn)出對(duì)內(nèi)的權(quán)威性時(shí),章程是否也具有對(duì)公司外部第三方的效力?起到類似于法律的規(guī)制作用?如果章程具有這種外部效力,其效力存在的根源何在?效力范圍的邊界又如何?都是在運(yùn)用公司章程解決公司法實(shí)踐問題中必須面對(duì)的,也是本文研究之所涉。 文章的導(dǎo)論部分顯示了本文的問題意識(shí)。在公司法實(shí)踐中作為約束公司一系列行為的自治性規(guī)范,章程的效力范圍必會(huì)延伸至公司行為的相對(duì)人和利益相關(guān)人,即必將產(chǎn)生章程的對(duì)外效力。但是對(duì)章程外部效力的發(fā)揮仍然存在著不確定,甚或質(zhì)疑。有必要從立法與司法實(shí)踐的角度論證公司章程的現(xiàn)實(shí)存在。在得出公司章程外部效力應(yīng)然性的同時(shí),也應(yīng)在立論的基礎(chǔ)之上證明章程外部效力應(yīng)然的原因,并進(jìn)一步探明章程外部效力發(fā)揮作用的邊界。 在這一論證思路指導(dǎo)之下,文章第二部分從我國(guó)《公司法》的具體條款切入,對(duì)章程外部效力的存在追本溯源。在對(duì)傳統(tǒng)公司效力和對(duì)抗效力深入分析的基礎(chǔ)之上將章程的外部效力作直接適用型和結(jié)果對(duì)外型的劃分,并結(jié)合外國(guó)法有關(guān)章程兩分法的劃分提出章程外部效力的存在。同時(shí),這種現(xiàn)實(shí)效力的存在又可以結(jié)合登記行為和越權(quán)行為的具體實(shí)踐作肯定性和否定性的類型化分析。 文章的第三部分則從商法理論、法經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)以及章程性質(zhì)的法理分析等三方面分別論證章程外部效力存在之原因。從商法理論出發(fā),章程外部效力作用的發(fā)揮主要是商法之嚴(yán)格注意義務(wù)的必然要求。作為商法基本細(xì)胞的公司,其章程必然體現(xiàn)商法的原則和價(jià)值。在法經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的論證過程中,科斯定理下的公司契約理論對(duì)章程作了最為高效的制度安排,將公司組成各方的意志集中統(tǒng)一于章程之中。這種意志的集中體現(xiàn),包含了對(duì)外的價(jià)值宿求,這是章程外部效力的法經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)解釋。最后,從公司章程的性質(zhì)認(rèn)定出發(fā),在歸納分析現(xiàn)有章程性質(zhì)理論的基礎(chǔ)之上,提出章程的性質(zhì)應(yīng)當(dāng)是一種“開放式的自治法”。其在對(duì)內(nèi)發(fā)揮效用的同時(shí),必然因其類法律化屬性具有對(duì)外的直接效力。 文章的第四部分則是在前兩部分立論、證論的基礎(chǔ)之上,進(jìn)行具體適用的類型化嘗試,希望藉此對(duì)章程外部效力的發(fā)揮提供路徑選擇。首先,是從宏觀分類的角度對(duì)公司章程規(guī)范作普通章程條款和基本章程條款的分類。指出基本條款是關(guān)于公司董事等權(quán)利義務(wù)的規(guī)定,具有直接的效力外部性。其次,是將普通條款作內(nèi)容上的二次區(qū)分,細(xì)化為內(nèi)部事項(xiàng)條款和外部事項(xiàng)條款。內(nèi)部事項(xiàng)條款規(guī)定股東之間及股東與公司之間的關(guān)系,不具有對(duì)外的效力;而外部事項(xiàng)條款則是關(guān)涉公司及其成員與公司外第三方的關(guān)系,具有外部效力。
[Abstract]:As one of the essential elements of the company, the articles of association are the normative embodiment of corporate autonomy. When the articles of association are the internal "charter" of the company, the core contents of the company's purpose, organization and structure are stipulated, and the authority of the company is embodied, whether the Constitution also has the effect on the external third party of the company, which is similar to the law. If the statute has this external effect, what is the root of its effectiveness and the boundary of the scope of effectiveness? It must be faced in the use of the company's articles of association to solve the problem of the practice of the company law, and also the study of this article.
The introduction of the article shows the problem consciousness of this article. In the practice of the company law, as an autonomous norm that restricts a series of behavior of the company, the scope of the validity of the articles of association will extend to the relative and the stakeholders of the company's behavior, that is to say, the external effect of the articles of association will be produced. However, the external effect of the articles of association is still inaccurate. It is necessary to prove the reality of the articles of association from the perspective of legislation and judicial practice. It is also necessary to prove the reasons for the external effectiveness of the articles of association on the basis of the conclusion of the external effectiveness of the articles of association and to further explore the boundary of the effect of the external force of the statute.
Under the guidance of this argument, the second part of the article starts from the specific provisions of the company law in China, and traces the existence of the external effect of the constitution. The external effectiveness of the articles of association is directly applied to the foreign law and the foreign law is related to the basis of the in-depth analysis of the effectiveness and effectiveness of the traditional companies. The division of the dual law of the constitution puts forward the existence of the external effect of the statute. At the same time, the existence of this practical effect can be used as a positive and negative type of analysis in combination with the practice of registration and the concrete practice of overriding.
The third part of the article discusses the reasons for the existence of the external effect of the statute from the three aspects of the theory of commercial law, law and economics and the legal analysis of the nature of the constitution. From the theory of commercial law, the role of the external effect of the constitution is the inevitable requirement of the strict duty of attention of the commercial law. In the process of the demonstration of law and economics, the company contract theory under the Kos theorem makes the most efficient institutional arrangement for the articles of association in the process of the law and economics. The will of the company is centralized and unified in the constitution. The concentration of this will includes the external value lodging, which is the legal economy of the external effect of the constitution. In the end, on the basis of the analysis of the nature of the articles of association, on the basis of the induction and analysis of the theory of the nature of the existing articles of association, the nature of the articles of association should be an "open autonomy law".
The fourth part of the article is on the basis of the first two parts, on the basis of the theory of evidence, to make a specific and applicable typization attempt, hoping to provide a path choice for the external effect of the constitution. First, the classification of the general articles of association and the basic articles of Association of the regulations of the company from the macroscopic classification point of view. The provisions on the rights and obligations of the directors of the company have the direct effect of externality. Secondly, it is the two distinction between the general terms and the contents, which are refined into internal items and external items. The internal items stipulate the relationship between shareholders and the shareholders and the company, and does not have the effect of external. The relationship between the company and its members and the third parties outside the company has external effects.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：D922.291.91

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