本文選題：船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)　切入點(diǎn)：擔(dān)保物權(quán)　出處：《上海海事大學(xué)》2004年碩士論文

【摘要】：船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)是各國(guó)海商法均予承認(rèn)的一項(xiàng)法律制度，對(duì)衡平海事債權(quán)人之間的利益關(guān)系，具有難以替代的作用。然而由于船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)在各國(guó)的歷史沿革不同，在具體的理論和實(shí)踐中亦存在較大的差異，這與各國(guó)海上交往的日趨密切形成了尖銳的沖突。 本文第一章以各國(guó)普遍接受的船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)的特征為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，提出船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)的一般概念。通過(guò)闡述船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)的起源和基礎(chǔ)理論，比較英美法系中的對(duì)物訴訟制度和大陸法系中的對(duì)人訴訟的巨大差異在其中的影響，以及船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)的現(xiàn)狀等問(wèn)題，支持了船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)制度進(jìn)一步國(guó)際統(tǒng)一趨勢(shì)的可能性的觀點(diǎn)。最后通過(guò)比較船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)性質(zhì)的各種學(xué)說(shuō)，，將船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)界定為特殊的擔(dān)保物權(quán)。 本文第二章提出“船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)法律關(guān)系”這一名詞，以人、而不是以船為中心來(lái)對(duì)相關(guān)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究，從而完整地將船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)納入我國(guó)民法領(lǐng)域，從根本上便于讀者對(duì)船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)制度的理解。由于研究角度的不同，能夠帶出一些相關(guān)的問(wèn)題，如主體認(rèn)定對(duì)船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)所能夠產(chǎn)生的影響，主體的變化對(duì)船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)的影響等，而這些問(wèn)題都是長(zhǎng)期被理論研究所忽視的，同時(shí)也是英美法系對(duì)物訴訟理論正在反省的。 第三章承接第二章對(duì)船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)的產(chǎn)生、變更和消滅進(jìn)行分析，并著重考查船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)讓和代位中存在的問(wèn)題。通過(guò)介紹美國(guó)法中對(duì)船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓主體的限制，引出對(duì)完善我國(guó)《海商法》相關(guān)條文的建議。 對(duì)于船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)在行使過(guò)程的問(wèn)題，本文第四章選擇對(duì)如行使船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)和行使海事請(qǐng)求權(quán)的關(guān)系，船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)行使的方式以及時(shí)效對(duì)船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)行使的影響等問(wèn)題給予一定的關(guān)注，對(duì)于我國(guó)《海商法》相關(guān)的條文作出解釋和評(píng)價(jià)，目的在于能夠使船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)人對(duì)于自己的程序權(quán)利有充分的認(rèn)識(shí)，從而更好地保護(hù)自己的權(quán)利。 秘密性是船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)最與眾不同的一點(diǎn)。正因?yàn)榇皟?yōu)先權(quán)是這樣一種隱而不顯的海上特權(quán)，它對(duì)其他債權(quán)人極為不利，其中又以對(duì)船舶抵押權(quán)人的影響最大。為了平衡船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)與船舶抵押權(quán)人的利益，國(guó)際乃至國(guó)內(nèi)的學(xué)者提出各種方式來(lái)限制船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)，但遠(yuǎn)未達(dá)到理想效果。船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)和船舶抵押權(quán)之間的沖突能否緩解，以怎樣方式緩解都是有關(guān)船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)研究的最前沿問(wèn)題。作者在第五章中首先對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者主張的船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)信息公開(kāi)制度進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，然后在提出船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)登記制度的必要性和可行性研究，目的在于促進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)在該領(lǐng)域的討論 和研究的深入，為從根本上消除船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)的負(fù)作用作出嘗試。
[Abstract]:Maritime lien is a legal system recognized by the maritime law of various countries, which plays an irreplaceable role in balancing the interests of maritime creditors. However, the history of maritime liens varies from country to country. There are also great differences in theory and practice, which has formed a sharp conflict with the increasingly close communication between various countries at sea. In the first chapter, based on the generally accepted characteristics of maritime liens in various countries, the general concept of maritime liens is put forward. By expounding the origin and basic theory of maritime liens, Comparing the influence of the great differences in the action in rem between the common law system and the civil law system, and the current situation of maritime liens, etc. Finally, by comparing the nature of maritime liens, the maritime liens are defined as special security interests. In the second chapter, the author puts forward the term "legal relationship of maritime liens", which focuses on people, not ships, in order to bring maritime liens into the field of civil law in China. It is easy for readers to understand the maritime lien system fundamentally. Because of the different research angle, it can bring out some related problems, such as the influence of the subject identification on the maritime lien. The influence of the change of the subject on the maritime lien is ignored by the theoretical research for a long time, and it is also the reflection of the Anglo-American law system on the theory of action in rem. The third chapter carries on the second chapter to carry on the analysis to the generation, the change and the annihilation of the maritime liens, and emphatically examines the problems existing in the transfer and subrogation of the maritime liens. Some suggestions on perfecting the relevant articles of Maritime Law of China are put forward. As for the problem of maritime lien in the process of exercise, the fourth chapter of this paper chooses the relationship between the exercise of maritime lien and the exercise of maritime claim. The mode of maritime lien and the influence of limitation on maritime liens are paid attention to, and the relevant articles in Maritime Law of our country are explained and evaluated. The purpose is to make the maritime liens have a full understanding of their procedural rights and thus better protect their rights. Secrecy is one of the most distinctive aspects of maritime liens. Precisely because maritime liens are such an implicit and invisible privilege at sea, they are extremely detrimental to other creditors, In order to balance the interests of the mortgagee and the maritime lien, international and even domestic scholars put forward various ways to restrict the maritime lien. But far from achieving the desired results. Can the conflict between maritime liens and ship mortgages be alleviated, In the fifth chapter, the author first evaluates the publicity system of maritime lien information advocated by domestic scholars. The necessity and feasibility study of a maritime lien registration system is then proposed, with a view to facilitating domestic discussions in this area. In order to eliminate the negative effect of maritime lien fundamentally.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號(hào)】：D912.29

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