本文選題：保險競合　切入點：其他保險　出處：《浙江工商大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：保險因其補(bǔ)償性而生,損失補(bǔ)償原則是保險法最基本的原則之一。因損失補(bǔ)償原則,保險法衍生出了許多保險制度,如保險代位制度、超額保險制度、重復(fù)保險制度等。其中的重復(fù)保險制度是為避免投保人不當(dāng)?shù)美嬖诘?重復(fù)保險制度是對投保人就同一保險事故、同一保險利益投保多份保單的限制,是對獲得不當(dāng)?shù)美牟徽?dāng)期待的限制。但現(xiàn)實生活中,因同一保險事故引發(fā)多份保單理賠的情形并不囿于重復(fù)保險。美國保險業(yè)將所有因同一保險事故引發(fā)多方保險人賠償?shù)那樾尉{入其他保險制度。由于我國對重復(fù)保險進(jìn)行了法律規(guī)定,其理論研究也較為純熟,因此筆者認(rèn)為,保險競合應(yīng)當(dāng)指,因同一保險事故引發(fā)兩個以上保險人賠償,又不屬于重復(fù)保險的情形。但理論界關(guān)于保險競合的定義并無定論,分歧較大。保險競合應(yīng)分為廣義的保險競合與狹義的保險競合,本文采取狹義的保險競合概念,是指投保人、被保險人、保險標(biāo)的、保險事故、保險利益不完全相同的數(shù)個保險合同,因承保范圍有重疊性,即數(shù)保險合同對于某一特定的保險事故、損失或賠償責(zé)任均承保,當(dāng)發(fā)生保險事故時,數(shù)保險人就同一保險事故所致同一保險標(biāo)的物的損失,皆負(fù)賠償責(zé)任。 保險競合一直是保險業(yè)的一大難題,如何在保險人間公平、有效的分?jǐn)倱p失,是保險競合制度研究的重點。美國的其他保險制度是目前最為成熟的保險競合制度。其保險合同中多規(guī)定有其他保險條款(other insurance clauses),該條款約定了當(dāng)發(fā)生約定的保險事故,又有其他保險人對事故負(fù)賠償責(zé)任時,該保險人應(yīng)承擔(dān)何種責(zé)任。實務(wù)中較為常見的是三種條款：不負(fù)責(zé)任條款(escape clause)、溢額保險條款(excess clause)、比例分?jǐn)倵l款(pro-rata clause)。因不同的保險人約定的條款可能相同,也可能不同,而條款與條款間又經(jīng)常存在矛盾,因此,如何在沖突的條款間進(jìn)行取舍成了保險競合制度的難題。本文對美國保險競合理論進(jìn)行了重點探討。美國歷史上出現(xiàn)了多種分?jǐn)傄?guī)則理論,也在早期解決了保險競合糾紛。但隨著時間推移,隨著保險業(yè)的發(fā)展,這些理論也逐漸被淘汰或代替。本文較為推崇蘭波—韋斯頓規(guī)則以及以限額責(zé)任為原則的新分?jǐn)傄?guī)則。筆者認(rèn)為兩者應(yīng)當(dāng)區(qū)分不同情形具體適用。 因我國保險競合制度的空白,引入保險競合顯得較為迫切。有學(xué)者主張將保險競合制度納入立法,以解決實務(wù)中的保險競合糾紛。但本文并不認(rèn)可將保險競合制度在成文法中詳細(xì)體現(xiàn)。民商法律的宗旨為意思自治,法無明文規(guī)定即為自由,因此本文認(rèn)為,對靈活多變的保險競合問題應(yīng)當(dāng)較多的體現(xiàn)民商法的精神,不應(yīng)在法律中系統(tǒng)規(guī)定�？v觀世界各國,也少有國家對保險競合進(jìn)行法律規(guī)定,而多遵從判例或行業(yè)準(zhǔn)則。結(jié)合我國國情,應(yīng)當(dāng)將保險競合的概念與重復(fù)保險相區(qū)分,對其定義與構(gòu)成要件應(yīng)當(dāng)在立法中有所體現(xiàn)。對于保險競合的分?jǐn)傄?guī)則,可以出臺一些行業(yè)準(zhǔn)則進(jìn)行靈活調(diào)整,而無需納入立法體系。但對保險競合制度的推廣仍需要一個過程,還需要眾多學(xué)者的共同努力,使我國保險業(yè)認(rèn)識到保險競合的存在,使保險合同中納入保險競合分?jǐn)倵l款,也使發(fā)生保險競合糾紛時有準(zhǔn)則可依。
[Abstract]:The insurance system is one of the most basic principles of insurance law . Because of the principle of loss compensation , insurance law derives many insurance systems , such as insurance subrogation system , excess insurance system and repeated insurance system .

The insurance competition has been a big problem in insurance industry . How to pay loss in fair and effective insurance is the focus of the research of insurance competition system . The other insurance system in the United States is the most mature insurance competition system . In the insurance contract , there are other insurance clauses which stipulate the liability of the insurer when it is liable for the accident . There are three clauses in practice : escape clause , excess clause and pro - rata clause . This paper focuses on the theory of insurance competition in the United States . However , with the development of insurance industry , these theories have been eliminated or replaced in the early stage . But over time , with the development of insurance industry , these theories are gradually eliminated or replaced . In this paper , the author thinks that both should distinguish between different situations .

With the blank of the insurance competition system in our country , it is urgent to introduce insurance competition . Some scholars advocate that the insurance competition system should be incorporated into legislation in order to solve the dispute of insurance competition in practice .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D922.284

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 宋s，

本文編號：1677356