本文選題：市場規(guī)制　切入點：企業(yè)法律形態(tài)　出處：《山東大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：作為市場經(jīng)濟活動中的最主要體這一,企業(yè)不僅具有平等民事主體身份,還具有經(jīng)濟法意義上的受規(guī)制與受調控主體身份。企業(yè)要想獲得真正的市場主體身份,不僅要依靠民商法與企業(yè)法確立的平等主體地位與組織制度保障,而且還需要經(jīng)濟法借助國家權力所保證的公平、自由的市場競爭秩序。只有在保證市場具備公平競爭秩序的前提下企業(yè)等市場主體才能享受到真正的平等與自由。企業(yè)是為了通過生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營賺取利潤而進入市場的,獲取利潤最大化的欲望難免會促使一些不法企業(yè)采取不正當?shù)母偁幨侄?奪取其他正當競爭者的利益,破壞市場正常運行秩序。雖然市場具有自身調節(jié)與配置資源的機制，，但是這種自發(fā)調節(jié)具有一定的局限性,在競爭機制發(fā)揮作用的同時,也會帶來與之相隨的壟斷、外部性問題以及信息不對稱等市場固有障礙。為了克服市場障礙.就需要市場規(guī)制法對企業(yè)等市場競爭主體的特定經(jīng)濟行為進行規(guī)制,解決市場不能自發(fā)調節(jié)的問題。因此,從市場規(guī)制的視域下研究對企業(yè)主體及其行為的規(guī)制問題,對企業(yè)的健康成長與市場經(jīng)濟的長遠發(fā)展至關重要。 從目前我國經(jīng)濟法的理論研究來看,市場規(guī)制法對企業(yè)的規(guī)制主要體現(xiàn)在對企業(yè)的市場準入與退出規(guī)制、產(chǎn)品質量規(guī)制、反壟斷與反不正當競爭規(guī)制以及消費者權益保護規(guī)制等幾個方面。但是從現(xiàn)行的市場規(guī)制立法上看,我國的市場規(guī)制法律制度還很不健全,對企業(yè)的市場規(guī)制立法也沒有形成系統(tǒng)的規(guī)制體系。我國市場規(guī)制對企業(yè)的規(guī)制存在很多問題,從總體立法角度,雖然已經(jīng)初步建立了由反壟斷法規(guī)反不正當競爭法、產(chǎn)品質量法與消費者權益保護法構成的市場規(guī)制法律體系,但是由于沒有統(tǒng)一的市場規(guī)制基本法,各項具體制度在立法與實施的過程中缺乏基本理論原則的指導,很多制度之間存在重復或者沖突,不能相互協(xié)調;從具體制度的立法與規(guī)制狀況來看,各個領域都存在一些問題,比如企業(yè)形態(tài)的劃分標準不統(tǒng)一、缺乏規(guī)范的市場準入與市場退出機制、對產(chǎn)品及服務等市場業(yè)務規(guī)制的不全面、欠缺競爭法基本理論與原則的指導、對消費者權益的保護沒有嚴格的責任制度保障等等。導致這些問題產(chǎn)生的原因主要表現(xiàn)在:現(xiàn)行的企業(yè)制度改革不徹底使企業(yè)法律形態(tài)的劃分缺乏統(tǒng)一標準;經(jīng)濟法主體制度不完備無法對企業(yè)主體進入市場至退出市場實施有效的監(jiān)管;市場業(yè)務規(guī)制不成體系,僅依靠產(chǎn)品質量法無法保障消費者對產(chǎn)品的要求;外源式經(jīng)濟發(fā)展模式造成了我國競爭法其本理論欠缺;以及程序法和責任制度不到位使消費者權益無法真正實現(xiàn)等等。 按照現(xiàn)代化與市場經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展道路來劃分,我國屬于外源式發(fā)展國家,市場經(jīng)濟體制與市場經(jīng)濟立法并不是在長期的發(fā)展過程中自然面然地形成的,缺乏深厚的理論沿革與長期的實踐經(jīng)驗。因此,針對上述市場規(guī)制法中的企業(yè)法律規(guī)制存在的問題及其根本原因,在完善我國的市場規(guī)制立法過程中,有必要借鑒美國、德國、日本等市場經(jīng)濟制度發(fā)達國家的市場規(guī)制制規(guī)與基本理論原則。例如美國的市場準入制度、競爭法領域的合法原則以及規(guī)全的懲罰性賠償制度,德國創(chuàng)產(chǎn)的一般條款加典型列舉的反不正當競爭立法體例,以及日本的成功移植規(guī)驗并結合基本國自身情況設置的壟斷除外制度等,這些對規(guī)制經(jīng)驗對我國的企業(yè)市場規(guī)制體系的構建與完善具有重要的借鑒意義。 建立完善系統(tǒng)的市場規(guī)制法視域下的企業(yè)法律制度,對我國企業(yè)的健康發(fā)展與市場經(jīng)濟的有序運作具有重要的意義。針對我國企業(yè)的市場規(guī)制所存在的問題,應當規(guī)范現(xiàn)有企業(yè)法律形態(tài)的劃分標準,構建統(tǒng)一的企業(yè)規(guī)律形態(tài)體系,為投資都提供規(guī)范且多樣化的選擇。并在此基礎上規(guī)定各個企業(yè)法律形態(tài)所需滿足的市場準入與退出標準,建立對企業(yè)等市場主體從進入市場到退出市場的動態(tài)監(jiān)管機制,同時規(guī)范企業(yè)產(chǎn)品和服務等市場業(yè)務的準入與退出制度。借鑒國外市場國家的合法原則、“一般條款”以及豁規(guī)除外制度來完善我國的競爭法基本原則與理論的建設加強經(jīng)濟法責任制度與各項具體制度之間的聯(lián)系與配合,從而確保市場內流通產(chǎn)品的安全性與經(jīng)營競爭行為的正當性,建立良好的市場秩序
[Abstract]:As the market economic activities in the main body of the enterprise, not only has the equal civil subject status, also has the economic law on the meaning of the regulation and control by the main identity. Enterprises want to obtain the real market subject identity, not only to rely on the dominant position of equality and organization guarantee system establishment of civil law and business law, and need of economic law by means of state power to guarantee fair and free market competition. Only in the market have to ensure fair competition order under the premise of enterprises and other market players to enjoy equality and freedom. The real enterprise is to earn profits through the production business to enter the market, profit maximization inevitably desire some unscrupulous companies to take unfair competition means to seize other legitimate competitors and disrupt the normal operation order of market. Although the market has its own tune The mechanism of festival and the allocation of resources, but the spontaneous adjustment has certain limitations, and play a role in the competition mechanism, will also bring along with monopoly, externality and information asymmetry market inherent obstacles. In order to overcome market barriers. The market regulation law requires specific economic behavior on the main enterprises in market competition the regulation of the market can not solve the problem of spontaneous adjustment. Therefore, research on the regulation of the enterprise and its behavior from the perspective of market regulation, is essential for the healthy growth of enterprises and market economy's long-term development.
From the current theoretical study of China's economic law, the regulation of enterprises market regulation law is mainly reflected in the market access of enterprises and exit regulation, quality regulation, antitrust and unfair competition regulation and several consumer protection regulation and so on. But from the current market regulation legislation, China the market regulation law system is not perfect, the market regulation system of enterprise has not formed the system of regulation system. There are many problems in China's regulation of market regulation of enterprises, from the perspective of the overall legislation, although initially established by the anti-monopoly regulations of the anti unfair competition law, product quality law and consumer protection law the market regulation law system, but because there is no unified market regulation law, the specific system lacks the basic theories and principles in the process of legislation and implementation of the guidance, There are many conflicts between the system or repeat, can not be coordinated; from the legislation and regulation of the specific system, every field has some problems, such as the division standard of the enterprises are not unified, lack of market access and market exit mechanism for products and services such as business market regulation is not comprehensive, the basic theory and principles the lack of competition law, protection of consumer rights is not the responsibility of guarantee system strictly and so on. The causes of these problems are mainly manifested in the current reform of the enterprise system is not completely partition the legal form of enterprises lack of unified standards; the subject of the economic law system is not perfect to the enterprise to enter the market to exit the market effectively regulation; market business regulation system, only rely on the product quality law cannot protect consumers on product requirements; exogenous economic development The model leads to the lack of the theory of competition law in China, and the inability of the procedural law and the responsibility system to make the consumer's rights and interests truly realized, and so on.
In accordance with the development of modernization and market economy division, our country belongs to the exogenous development state, market economic system and market economic legislation is not in the long-term development process automatically formed, lack of profound theoretical evolution and long-term experience. Therefore, in view of the existing legal regulation of the market regulation law. The problems and the reasons, in the perfection of the market regulation in the process of legislation, it is necessary to learn from the United States, Germany, Japan and other market regulation system. The system of market economy in developed countries such as the United States. With the basic theory of the principle of market access system, the system of punitive damages in the field of competition law and the legal principle of full compliance, Germany a production of general terms and lists the typical anti unfair competition legislation, as well as Japan's successful experience and combined with the basic rules of transplantation in their own situation in addition to monopoly The external system is of great significance to the construction and improvement of the regulatory system of the enterprise market in China.
The establishment and perfection of the market regulation law system from the perspective of the enterprise legal system, has an important significance to the healthy development of the market economy and orderly operation of enterprises in our country. Based on the existing market regulation of China's problem of enterprise division shall regulate the legal form of the existing enterprise standard system of enterprise, build a unified form of law, for investment is to provide standard and diversified choices. Shall meet the needs of market access legal form of various enterprises and exit criteria and on this basis, the establishment of the enterprise and other market players to withdraw from the market from the market to the dynamic supervision mechanism, access and to standardize enterprise products and services such as business and market exit system from the legal principle. Foreign markets, the general terms and regulations except exemption system to improve the construction of competition law basic principles and theories of our country to strengthen the economic responsibility system The relationship and coordination between degree and specific systems ensure the safety of products in circulation and the legitimacy of business competition behavior, and establish good market order.

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D922.291.91

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