本文選題：海上保險　切入點：船舶適航　出處：《華東政法大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：海上保險是對因海上航行和其他相關海上活動中的保險事故所造成的損失進行賠償?shù)暮贤�。①海上保險合同中都會存在這么一個條款，即保險人與被保險人約定，保險人對于特定的風險或事故不負責賠償，這就是除外責任條款。 在我國，不適航作為一種除外責任已在實踐中廣泛運用，但法律與實務之間卻存在各種不一致之處，而法律本身也有需完善的地方。2009年中國人民保險公司對其海洋運輸貨物保險條款和船舶保險條款進行了修改，使實務中的保險條款更能符合行業(yè)的要求，更貼近國際發(fā)展的趨勢。但是，《海商法》從1993年頒布以來尚未作出修改，難以適應航運與貿(mào)易快速發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實，，法律與實踐的不一致不利于實務中保險人與被保險人權利義務關系的認定，也不利于我國海上保險條款的發(fā)展與廣泛適用。進入21世紀，國際社會相繼出臺了各種海事規(guī)則，英國也相繼修改了船舶保險條款和貨物保險條款，對不適航除外責任制度的發(fā)展有很好的推動作用，我國的相關制度也應跟上時代的步伐。本文從四個方面展開論述，對我國不適航除外責任制度進行分析，結合國際海上保險中船舶適航制度的相關規(guī)定，為我國的制度設計提出幾點建議，為我國保險、貿(mào)易和航運業(yè)的發(fā)展提供良好的法律環(huán)境。 第一章從適航制度在海上保險中的歷史說起，結合相關法典來展現(xiàn)適航制度的發(fā)展歷程，引出當前海上保險中關于船舶適航的兩大制度，即默示保證制度與除外責任制度。 第二章通過對我國《海商法》、中國人民保險公司船舶保險條款、海洋貨物運輸保險條款等海上保險條款進行分析，從適用范圍、客觀方面、主觀方面、因果關系和法律后果五個構成要件，分析探討我國當前不適航除外責任的現(xiàn)狀以及存在的問題，為下文提出修改建議提供依據(jù)，做到有的放矢。 第三章將目光投向國際社會，對ISM規(guī)則、ISPS規(guī)則以及鹿特丹規(guī)則進行分析借鑒，從中獲取對我國立法與實務發(fā)展的有益啟示，同時也對英國的國際船舶保險條款和協(xié)會貨物保險條款中不適航除外規(guī)定進行簡單的分析，探尋其中的有益成分為我所用。 第四章則是以對我國立法和實務現(xiàn)狀為依據(jù)，在前人的研究成果和國外有益實踐的基礎上，對我國《海商法》的修改和保險條款的細化提出幾點建議，希望實現(xiàn)法律與實務的統(tǒng)一，促進我國航運、貿(mào)易和保險業(yè)共同發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Marine insurance is a contract in which the loss caused by an insurance accident caused by maritime navigation and other related marine activities is compensated. There is such a clause in the marine insurance contract that the insurer and the insured agree, The insurer is not liable for a particular risk or accident, which is the exclusion clause. In our country, airworthiness as an exception has been widely used in practice, but there are various inconsistencies between law and practice. The law itself also needs to be improved. In 2009, the people's Insurance Company of China amended its marine cargo insurance clauses and shipping insurance clauses to make the insurance clauses in practice more in line with the requirements of the industry. Closer to the trend of international development. However, since the promulgation of the Maritime Code in 1993, it has not been revised, so it is difficult to adapt to the rapid development of shipping and trade. The inconsistency between law and practice is not conducive to the identification of the relationship between the rights and obligations of the insurer and the insured in practice, and also to the development and wide application of the marine insurance clauses in China. In 21th century, the international community has issued various maritime rules one after another. Britain has also amended the clauses of ship insurance and cargo insurance one after another, which can promote the development of unseaworthy exception liability system, and the relevant systems of our country should keep up with the pace of the times. Based on the analysis of China's unseaworthy exclusion liability system, combined with the relevant provisions of the ship seaworthiness system in international marine insurance, some suggestions for the design of our country's system are put forward for our country's insurance. The development of trade and shipping provides a good legal environment. The first chapter starts from the history of seaworthiness system in marine insurance, combining the relevant codes to show the development of seaworthiness system, and leads to the current marine insurance on the ship seaworthiness two systems, namely, implied warranty system and exclusionary liability system. The second chapter analyzes the marine insurance provisions of China's Maritime Law, the Chinese people's Insurance Company's marine insurance clauses, and marine cargo transport insurance clauses, from the scope of application, objective aspects, subjective aspects, This paper analyzes and discusses the present situation and the existing problems of the non-seaworthiness liability in our country, and provides the basis for the following suggestions for revision, so as to aim at it. The third chapter focuses on the international community, analyzes and draws lessons from the ISM rules and Rotterdam rules, and obtains some useful enlightenment to the development of legislation and practice in China. At the same time, it also makes a brief analysis of the international ship insurance clauses and the unseaworthiness exception provisions of the cargo insurance clauses of the British Association, and explores the beneficial elements in the clauses to be used by me. Chapter 4th is based on the current situation of legislation and practice in our country, on the basis of the previous research results and beneficial practice abroad, it puts forward some suggestions on the revision of Maritime Law and the refinement of insurance clauses in China. We hope to realize the unification of law and practice and promote the common development of shipping, trade and insurance in China.
【學位授予單位】：華東政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.294;D922.284

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