本文關(guān)鍵詞： 保險代理人 法律地位 政策建議　出處：《西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：保險代理人是中國保險業(yè)的重要力量,隨著近年來保險銷售方面的不良現(xiàn)象越來越突出,保險代理人的法律地位才開始受到關(guān)注。要探討我國保險代理人的法律地位,首先要對保險代理人的法律地位進行定義,然而國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對法律地位的研究卻不多見。根據(jù)已有的研究成果,可知法律地位與法律主體、法律關(guān)系、權(quán)利義務(wù)這些概念有關(guān),因而,我們可以將保險代理人的法律地位定義為保險代理人在保險法律關(guān)系中所處的位置,它是由保險代理人所享有權(quán)利和承擔(dān)義務(wù)的相應(yīng)程度來體現(xiàn)的。以此定義為基礎(chǔ),對我國保險代理人法律地位的描述由三部分組成,即保險代理人所涉及的具體的法律關(guān)系、保險代理人的身份和保險代理人在法律關(guān)系中的權(quán)利與義務(wù)。 保險代理人從事代理活動要與保險人和投保人雙方打交道,保險代理人與保險人之間存在著委托代理法律關(guān)系,而保險代理人與投保人之間是否存在法律關(guān)系目前在理論界尚有分歧。根據(jù)法律關(guān)系成立的條件來看,保險代理人與投保人一般情況下互不存在權(quán)利與義務(wù),故不存在法律關(guān)系,只有在特殊情況下,如保險代理人無權(quán)代理行為得不到保險人追認,無權(quán)代理人要對投保人賠償損失,保險代理人與投保人之間才存在法律關(guān)系,因此一般情況下,保險代理人的法律地位只體現(xiàn)在與保險人之間的委托代理關(guān)系之中。 根據(jù)我國保險法律法規(guī),相對于保險人,保險代理人有傭金請求權(quán)、要求保險人對自己的代理展業(yè)活動予以支持等權(quán)利,和應(yīng)當(dāng)盡力促成交易、維護保險人基于代理授權(quán)所應(yīng)有的利益、報告、忠實等義務(wù)。 我國保險代理人法律地位的現(xiàn)狀是,保險代理人受保險人的委托,在保險人授權(quán)的范圍內(nèi)代為辦理保險業(yè)務(wù),與保險人建立起委托代理法律關(guān)系,在該法律關(guān)系中處于獨立、平等于保險人的相對位置,具體表現(xiàn)為保險代理人在該法律關(guān)系中有傭金請求權(quán)、要求保險人對自己的代理展業(yè)活動予以支持等權(quán)利和應(yīng)當(dāng)盡力促成交易、維護保險人基于代理授權(quán)所應(yīng)有的利益、報告、忠實等義務(wù)。 盡管保險代理人擁有獨立、平等于保險人的法律地位,但我國保險代理人的法律地位存在兩個問題,一是所有類型保險代理人都存在權(quán)利和義務(wù)的法律規(guī)定不平衡的情況,權(quán)利的規(guī)定少,義務(wù)的規(guī)定多,二是個人保險代理人的主體身份不明,究竟屬于哪種類型的主體法律并未規(guī)定。這些問題所帶來的后果之一是,保險人對保險代理人尤其是個人保險代理人作出越權(quán)行為卻無相應(yīng)法律條款可予以制止,導(dǎo)致保險代理人實際地位的弱勢和違規(guī)違法現(xiàn)象增多。 出現(xiàn)這些問題,原因有兩個,一是保險法律法規(guī)本身存在的缺陷和《民法通則》、《合同法》等上位法支持的缺乏,二是我國大陸保險業(yè)發(fā)展時間短但發(fā)展迅速,立法經(jīng)驗不足,難以應(yīng)對保險業(yè)情況的變化。 然而要完善我國保險代理人的法律地位只能從完善立法著手。從其他國家和地區(qū)保險代理立法的比較引發(fā)的啟示來看,可以將現(xiàn)行法律劃分成兩個層面分別進行完善,一是通過完善《民法通則》和《合同法》這兩部上位法,增加代理人法律地位的共性內(nèi)容,二是通過《保險法》和部門規(guī)章,增加保險代理人法律地位的特殊內(nèi)容,并重視部門規(guī)章的運用。 完善我國保險代理人的法律地位,歸根到底是為了促進我國保險業(yè)健康發(fā)展、改善行業(yè)形象,為此需要扭轉(zhuǎn)隊伍龐大的個人保險代理人相對弱勢的實際地位,除了其他學(xué)者已經(jīng)提出的一些建議外,本文認為還可以建立個人保險代理人同業(yè)公會組織,對個人保險代理人進行更加合理的管理。 本文以保險學(xué)和法學(xué)基本理論為研究基礎(chǔ),采用推理分析法、案例分析法、歷史分析法等研究方法,分成六個部分進行分析研究。 緒論部分介紹了本文的選題背景及研究意義,對我國保險代理人法律地位的研究現(xiàn)狀和相關(guān)內(nèi)容進行了綜述,歸納了本文采用的研究方法和主要研究內(nèi)容,同時指出了本文可能存在的創(chuàng)新點與不足之處。 第一章保險代理人法律地位涵義的初步界定。該部分對本文要研究的核心概念進行了定義,先分別對法律地位和保險代理人這兩個概念的內(nèi)涵和外延進行簡要闡述,再將兩個概念合起來對保險代理人的法律地位予以定義。 第二章中國保險代理人法律地位的現(xiàn)狀研判。該部分以第一章得出的保險代理人法律地位的定義為線索進行擴展分析,以商法理論為主要的分析依據(jù),以我國大陸保險法律法規(guī)為分析對象,將我國保險代理人的法律地位拆分成法律關(guān)系、主體身份和權(quán)利義務(wù)三部分進行剖析和描述,還加入了對當(dāng)前熱點問題的探討。 第三章中國保險代理人法律地位存在的問題、影響及根源。該部分在目前國內(nèi)學(xué)者研究的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合第二章的分析推斷出存在的問題,通過案例反映出這些問題帶來的不良影響,并通過推理分析和歷史分析方法得出造成問題的原因。 第四章完善中國保險代理人法律地位的思路及政策建議。該部分先以比較法分析為引子得出完善我國保險代理人法律地位的思路,再順著思路進行立法范疇內(nèi)的改進。 第五章結(jié)語。該部分對全文進行了簡要總結(jié),并對保險代理活動的健康發(fā)展提出一些立法以外的建議。 本文可能的創(chuàng)新及特色之處：一是初步界定了保險代理人的法律地位,并對保險代理人所涉及的法律關(guān)系及我國保險代理人的法律地位現(xiàn)狀進行了研判,與以往的文獻相比,深化了對保險代理人法律地位的研究；二是將我國目前保險代理人法律地位存在問題的分析落到了具體的法律法規(guī)上,對問題產(chǎn)生根源的探究,不局限于《保險法》等保險行業(yè)的法律法規(guī),而是拓展到《民法通則》、《合同法》等更高位階的法律上；三是較為系統(tǒng)地梳理了保險代理人法律地位的相關(guān)保險法律法規(guī)的演變歷程,而政策建議部分則集中于立法范疇的改進,該部分的分析較之以往的研究更加深入。 本文的不足之處在于,由于保險代理人的法律地位在商法理論領(lǐng)域內(nèi)有一些目前仍處在廣泛爭議中的問題,因論文篇幅所限,無法將這些爭議一列出,只能選擇筆者認為更有說服力的觀點作為立論基礎(chǔ),可能導(dǎo)致分析的不夠完備,另外由于筆者知識水平有限,無法根據(jù)目前的行業(yè)發(fā)展情況進行立法預(yù)測,也無法對所提政策建議進行進一步的可行性分析,這些問題還有待進一步研究。
[Abstract]:Insurance agent is an important force in Chinese insurance industry in recent years, with the insurance sales bad phenomenon more and more serious, the legal status of insurance agent began attention. To explore the legal status of insurance agents in China, first of all to the legal status of insurance agents are defined, but the research on the legal status of the domestic and foreign scholars not much. According to the existing research results, the legal status and legal subject, legal relationship, the rights and obligations of these concepts, therefore, we can define the legal status of insurance agent for insurance agent in the insurance legal relationship in the position, it is reflected in the corresponding degree by the insurance agents enjoy rights and undertake duty. Based on this definition, the legal status of China's insurance agent description consists of three parts, namely, the insurance agent involved with The legal relationship of the body, the identity of the insurance agent and the rights and obligations of the insurance agent in the legal relationship.
The insurance agent in the agency activities with the insurer and the insured parties dealing between the agent and insurance exists principal-agent legal relationship between insurance agent and the insured whether there is legal relationship in the academic field now is still disputed. Legal relation according to the established conditions, the insurance agent and the insured under normal circumstances do not have the rights and obligations of the legal relationship, it does not exist, only in special circumstances, such as insurance agent right to act without the insurer ratification, unauthorized agent for the insured to compensate for the loss, there is the legal relationship between the insured and the insurance agent, so under normal circumstances, the legal status of insurance agent only reflected in the principal-agent relationship between the insurer and the.
According to China's laws and regulations with respect to the insurer, insurance, insurance agents have the right to request the Commission to require insurers to support their business activities such as exhibition agent right, and should try to facilitate transactions, the insurer should be authorized to maintain interest, based on agency report, loyalty and other obligations.
The legal status of Chinese insurance agents, insurance agents entrusted by the insurer, the insurer within the scope authorized to handle the insurance business and insurance agent who establish legal relationship is independent in the legal relationship, the relative position is equal to the insurer, the specific performance of the insurance agent has the right to in the legal relationship of commission request, request the insurer to support their business activities such as exhibition agency rights and should try to facilitate transactions, the insurer should be authorized to maintain interest, based on agency report, loyalty and obligation.
Although the insurance agent has independent and equal legal status to the insurer, but the legal status of insurance agents in China there are two problems, one is the legal provisions of all types of insurance agents have the rights and obligations of the balance of the situation, the rights, obligations, two is the main body of the personal insurance agent's identity what subject is unknown, what kind of law does not stipulate. One of the consequences of these problems is that of the insurance agent especially personal insurance agent made ultra vires but no corresponding legal provisions could be stopped, resulting in an increase in the actual position of the insurance agent and the weak illegal phenomenon.
These problems, there are two reasons, one is the inherent defect insurance laws and regulations and the general principles of civil law > >, < > the lack of support of the contract law higher law, the two is the development of China's insurance industry, time is short but rapid development, lack of legislative experience, changes in the insurance industry is difficult to cope with the situation.
However, to improve the legal status of insurance agents in China can only proceed from the legislation from other countries and regions. The insurance agency legislation comparative thinking point of view, can be divided into two aspects: the current law were perfect, one is to improve the "general principles of civil law" and "Contract Law > the two law, common an increase of the content of the legal status of the agent, the two is through the insurance law and regulations > >, special content increased the legal status of the insurance agent, and pay attention to the use of departmental regulations.
To improve the legal status of insurance agents in China, after all is in order to promote the healthy development of China's insurance industry, improve the image of the industry, the need to reverse the actual status of a large contingent of individual insurance agent is relatively weak, but some suggestions have been proposed by other scholars, it can also establish personal insurance agent guild organization, more reasonable management of individual insurance agents.
Based on the basic theories of insurance and law, this paper divides into six parts by reasoning analysis, case analysis and historical analysis.
The introduction part introduces the research background and significance, research status and content related to the legal status of insurance agents in China were reviewed, summarized the research methods used in this paper and the main research contents, and points out the possible innovations and shortcomings.
The first chapter preliminary definition of the legal status of the insurance agent. The meaning of the core concept of this part to the research of the definition, the first of those two concepts and the legal status of insurance agent's connotation and extension are briefly described, and then the two concepts together the legal status of insurance agent to be defined.
The status quo analysis the legal status of the second chapter Chinese insurance agent. The definition of the legal status of the insurance agent obtained by the first chapter of the paper extends the analysis as a clue, with commercial law on the theory of the main, to the mainland insurance laws and regulations of our country as the research object, the insurance agent of our country's legal status is divided into legal relationship, subject the identity and the rights and obligations of the three part makes a description and analysis, also joined the discussion on current hot issues.
There is the legal status of the third chapter China insurance agent problems, influence and roots. This part on the basis of current research on the combination of the second chapter of the analysis and inference problems, reflecting the adverse impact of these problems through the case, and by inference analysis and historical analysis method that the cause of the problem.
The fourth chapter puts forward the train of thought and policy suggestion to improve the legal status of China's insurance agent. This part first draws the idea of improving the legal status of the insurance agent in China through comparative analysis, and then improves the legislative category according to the train of thought.
The fifth chapter is the conclusion. This part gives a brief summary of the full text, and puts forward some suggestions outside the legislation for the healthy development of the insurance agency.
The character and innovation of this paper. The first one is to define the legal status of insurance agent, legal status and legal relationship of insurance agents involved and insurance agents in our country are judged, compared with the previous literature, deepened the research on the legal status of insurance agent; the two is the analysis of China's current the legal status of insurance agent problems to specific laws and regulations, causes to explore problems, not limited to the laws and regulations of the insurance law such as < > of the insurance industry, but is extended to the general principles of civil law > < < contract law >, such as higher order law; three is the evolution of systematically sort out the legal status of insurance agent insurance related laws and regulations, improve the policy recommendations are concentrated in areas of legislation, this part of the analysis of more than ever deeper.
This shortcoming is that, due to the legal status of insurance agent is still in some controversy problems in law theory field, due to the limitation of the paper length, cannot be a list of these disputes, the author thinks that can only choose as the foundation on the basis of a more persuasive view, may cause analysis is not complete, in addition to the the level of knowledge is limited, can not be predicted according to the legislation of the current development situation of industry, nor the proposed policy recommendations for further feasibility analysis, these issues still need further study.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D922.284

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