【摘要】：隨著刑法在環(huán)境保護(hù)工作中的地位日益提高,學(xué)界關(guān)于環(huán)境犯罪的研究也在不斷走向深入。目前,絕大多數(shù)學(xué)者已經(jīng)高度贊同環(huán)境刑事責(zé)任的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式應(yīng)該包括刑罰與非刑罰措施兩種。但究竟什么是懲治環(huán)境犯罪的非刑罰措施、適用非刑罰措施有什么現(xiàn)實(shí)依據(jù)、如何構(gòu)建科學(xué)的非刑罰措施體系、以及如何合理地適用非刑罰措施,這其中有沒(méi)有可資借鑒的外國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn)等這些重要問(wèn)題卻缺乏詳細(xì)論述。本文正是試圖通過(guò)對(duì)這些問(wèn)題的探討,以期拋磚引玉,推動(dòng)關(guān)于環(huán)境犯罪中非刑罰措施的研究。 建立在“非刑罰措施刑事責(zé)任實(shí)現(xiàn)方式之一”“適用非刑罰措施不違背‘罪刑法定’原則”的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)對(duì)非刑罰措施與其他法律責(zé)任實(shí)現(xiàn)方式的辨別分析,具體到環(huán)境犯罪的語(yǔ)境中時(shí),我們可以認(rèn)為,“懲治環(huán)境犯罪的非刑罰措施”是在環(huán)境犯罪發(fā)生后對(duì)犯罪分子所采取的旨在預(yù)防再次犯罪、補(bǔ)救受損害的生態(tài)環(huán)境、彌補(bǔ)被害人遭受的損失的、排除管制、拘役、有期徒刑、無(wú)期徒刑、死刑、罰金、剝奪政治權(quán)利、沒(méi)收財(cái)產(chǎn)八種刑罰在外的其他實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境犯罪刑事責(zé)任的措施。 懲治環(huán)境犯罪之所以適用非刑罰措施,是環(huán)境保護(hù)思想發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果,也是我國(guó)現(xiàn)行環(huán)境犯罪刑罰的缺陷所致。縱觀國(guó)外,已經(jīng)有國(guó)家在懲治環(huán)境犯罪時(shí)適用非刑罰措施,對(duì)犯罪分子的再犯條件進(jìn)行限制,充分發(fā)揮犯罪分子在應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境犯罪后果時(shí)的積極性。 對(duì)我國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō),完善的非刑罰措施體系,應(yīng)該包括三大類(lèi),即預(yù)防犯罪分子再次犯罪的措施、補(bǔ)救受損害的生態(tài)環(huán)境的措施和彌補(bǔ)被害人損失的措施。其中,預(yù)防犯罪分子再次犯罪的措施應(yīng)該包括教育措施、禁止措施和救助措施;補(bǔ)救受損生態(tài)環(huán)境的措施包括恢復(fù)受損環(huán)境原狀的措施和其他補(bǔ)救措施;彌補(bǔ)被害人損失則包括對(duì)被害人物質(zhì)的彌補(bǔ)和精神的撫慰。 實(shí)踐中適用非刑罰措施,則應(yīng)辯證地認(rèn)識(shí)人與自然的關(guān)系,在追求人與自然和諧共生、和諧共進(jìn)時(shí),保持一顆敬畏生命、悲天憫人的心,通過(guò)由法院直接適用或委托其他組織適用、多種非刑罰措施合并適用、非刑罰措施與刑罰措施共同使用等多種方式,共同實(shí)現(xiàn)人與自然的和諧發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:With the increasing status of criminal law in the work of environmental protection, the academic research on environmental crime is becoming deeper and deeper. At present, the vast majority of scholars have highly agreed that the realization of environmental criminal responsibility should include penalty and non-penalty measures. But what is the non-penalty measure to punish the environmental crime, what is the realistic basis of applying the non-penalty measure, how to construct the scientific non-penalty measure system, and how to apply the non-penalty measure reasonably, There are some important problems, such as whether there is any foreign experience that can be used for reference, but there is no detailed discussion on these important questions. This paper attempts to discuss these problems in order to promote the study of non-criminal measures in environmental crime. On the basis of "one of the ways to realize the criminal responsibility of non-penalty measures", "the application of non-penalty measures does not violate the principle of 'crime and punishment by law'", through the discrimination and analysis of non-penalty measures and other forms of realization of legal responsibility, When it comes to the context of environmental crime, we can think that "non-penal measures to punish environmental crime" is taken against criminals after the occurrence of environmental crime in order to prevent reoffending and remedy the damaged ecological environment. If the victim makes up for the loss suffered by the victim, he shall exclude public surveillance, criminal detention, fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment, death penalty, fine, deprivation of political rights, and confiscation of property in addition to eight other measures to realize criminal responsibility for environmental crimes. The application of non-penalty measures to punish environmental crime is not only the inevitable result of the development of environmental protection thought, but also the defect of the current environmental crime penalty in our country. Throughout the world, some countries have applied non-penal measures to punish environmental crimes, restricted the conditions for criminals to commit re-offenses, and brought into full play the initiative of criminals in dealing with the consequences of environmental crimes. For our country, the perfect system of non-penalty measures should include three categories, that is, the measures to prevent the criminals from committing crimes again, the measures to remedy the damaged ecological environment and the measures to compensate the victims' loss. Among them, measures to prevent the recurrence of crime by criminals should include educational measures, prohibitions and relief measures; measures to remedy the damaged ecological environment include measures to restore the status quo of the damaged environment and other remedial measures; To make up for the victim's loss is to make up for the victim's material and to comfort the spirit of the victim. If non-penalty measures are applied in practice, the relationship between man and nature should be dialectically understood. In pursuing harmonious symbiosis and harmony between man and nature, he should maintain a heart of reverence of life and compassion of man. Through the direct application or entrustment of other organizations by the court, the combination of various non-penalty measures and the common use of non-penalty measures and penalty measures, the harmonious development of man and nature can be realized together.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.68;D924.1

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