【摘要】： 從世界范圍看,大部分城市空氣污染的重大因素是汽車尾氣。汽車尾氣中含有一氧化碳、氧化氮以及對人體產(chǎn)生不良影響的其他一些固體顆粒,尤其是含鉛汽油,對人體的危害更大。而隨著生活水平的提高,汽車的保有量也是逐年在提高,汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)也成為很多國家的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè),環(huán)境污染和汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的矛盾日益嚴(yán)峻,依法有效的控制汽車尾氣已經(jīng)提上日程。在我國現(xiàn)行法律中,對尾氣依法控制的法律法規(guī)還十分缺乏和零亂。特別是沒有形成一個有效的依法控制的體系,這樣不利于控制汽車尾氣,也不利于改善大氣環(huán)境。 尾氣來源于汽車,我們必然是通過控制汽車的整個流程,才能徹底地控制尾氣。本文從汽車尾氣污染的現(xiàn)狀和依法控制的必然性著手,從汽油車生產(chǎn)階段開始,到銷售、使用、管理等幾個階段闡述了我國現(xiàn)有的法律控制狀況和對汽車尾氣排放進(jìn)行法律控制的完善。生產(chǎn)階段主要是包括汽車和燃油的市場準(zhǔn)入制度,符合國家的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn);銷售階段主要是通過對汽車購置稅進(jìn)行稅法控制,改革一刀切的購置稅制度,通過浮動的購置稅引導(dǎo)消費(fèi)者購買小排量的汽車;使用階段主要是談現(xiàn)行養(yǎng)路費(fèi)的問題和開征燃油稅,科學(xué)、合理的燃油稅會極大的控制尾氣的排放;而管理階段主要是探討交通法律控制制度、汽車尾氣排放法律監(jiān)管制度以及汽車報(bào)廢和回收法律控制制度。這樣就從法律制度上全程控制汽車的尾氣排放,從而不斷完善現(xiàn)今整個汽車的法律控制制度,真正達(dá)到依法控制汽車尾氣排放。希望能對我國目前日益嚴(yán)重的空氣污染做出一些貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Worldwide, the major cause of air pollution in most cities is automobile exhaust. Automobile exhaust contains carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and other solid particles that have adverse effects on human health, especially leaded gasoline, which is even more harmful to the human body. With the improvement of living standards, the number of cars is also increasing year by year. The automobile industry has become a pillar industry in many countries. The contradiction between environmental pollution and the development of automobile industry is becoming increasingly severe. It has been put on the agenda to control automobile exhaust effectively according to law. In the current law of our country, the laws and regulations which control the tail gas according to law are still very lack and disorder. In particular, no effective legal control system has been formed, which is not conducive to the control of vehicle exhaust and the improvement of the atmospheric environment. The exhaust gas comes from the automobile, we must control the whole process of the car, can completely control the exhaust gas. This paper starts with the current situation of automobile exhaust pollution and the inevitability of controlling it according to law, starting from the production stage of gasoline vehicles, to selling and using, The current situation of legal control in China and the perfection of legal control of automobile exhaust emission are expounded in several stages of management. The production phase consists mainly of a market access system for vehicles and fuel, consistent with national emission standards; The sale stage is mainly through the tax control of auto purchase tax, the reform of the one-size-fits-all purchase tax system, and the introduction of floating purchase tax to guide consumers to buy small cars. The main stage of use is to talk about the current road maintenance fee and the introduction of fuel tax, scientific, reasonable fuel tax will greatly control the emission of exhaust gas; The management stage mainly discusses the legal control system of traffic, the legal supervision system of automobile exhaust emission and the legal control system of car scrapping and recycling. In this way, the vehicle exhaust emission can be controlled in the whole process from the legal system, so that the legal control system of the whole automobile can be improved continuously, and the vehicle exhaust emission can be controlled according to the law. Hope to make some contribution to our country's increasingly serious air pollution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D922.68

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本文編號：2367468