【摘要】：本文以現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中不當(dāng)利用野生動(dòng)物所引發(fā)的社會(huì)討論為起點(diǎn)，分析我國(guó)現(xiàn)有法律制度中關(guān)于野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)與利用的規(guī)定。我國(guó)在野生動(dòng)物立法目的上仍未形成統(tǒng)一認(rèn)識(shí)，所構(gòu)建的制度顯得或僵硬而封閉，或籠統(tǒng)而權(quán)利義務(wù)邊界不清晰。具體表現(xiàn)包括：法律回避了對(duì)“野生動(dòng)物”的界定，限制了野生動(dòng)物評(píng)級(jí)的公眾參與，模糊了政府在野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)與利用各環(huán)節(jié)中的義務(wù)。在這種制度設(shè)計(jì)之下的產(chǎn)業(yè)化結(jié)果，形成的是眾多既不利于野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)、也不利于其利用的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，，它們盤(pán)根錯(cuò)節(jié)，嚴(yán)重違背了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的原則。另一方面，美國(guó)、日本兩國(guó)以實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)民對(duì)野生動(dòng)物的利益為目的，以激活相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)間的聯(lián)動(dòng)、促成產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的整合為基礎(chǔ)的制度設(shè)計(jì)，極大地促進(jìn)了其本國(guó)野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)事務(wù)的發(fā)展，野生動(dòng)物得到恢復(fù)的同時(shí)人們也可以充分享受野生動(dòng)物所帶來(lái)的利益。在分析美國(guó)和日本的野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)與利用的相關(guān)法律之后，總結(jié)出兩國(guó)為促進(jìn)其本國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的制度規(guī)定。相比之下，我國(guó)歷史上對(duì)于野生動(dòng)物就具有兼顧保護(hù)與利用的傳統(tǒng)，借鑒美國(guó)和日本的制度設(shè)計(jì)，將有利于我國(guó)的野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)與利用實(shí)現(xiàn)良性發(fā)展。因此，我國(guó)的野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)與利用的出路在于重新梳理野生動(dòng)物的立法目的，以實(shí)現(xiàn)人類(lèi)社會(huì)能夠平等享受野生動(dòng)物所帶來(lái)的利益作為制度設(shè)計(jì)的起點(diǎn)與目標(biāo)，基于市場(chǎng)規(guī)律構(gòu)建與完善相關(guān)機(jī)制，落實(shí)法律在稀缺性的解決之上。重點(diǎn)圍繞物種瀕危程度的評(píng)級(jí)制度、產(chǎn)業(yè)的激勵(lì)制度、政府信息的披露制度、處罰制度等四個(gè)方面的制度完善，并逐步建立以實(shí)現(xiàn)人類(lèi)利益最大化為目標(biāo)的產(chǎn)業(yè)博弈機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:Based on the social discussion on the improper use of wild animals in real life, this paper analyzes the regulations on the protection and utilization of wild animals in China's existing legal system. There is still no unified understanding on the legislative purpose of wildlife in our country, and the system constructed appears to be rigid and closed, or general, but the boundary of rights and obligations is not clear. The specific manifestations include: the law avoids the definition of "wildlife", limits the public participation in wildlife rating, and obscures the obligations of the government in all aspects of wildlife protection and utilization. The result of industrialization under the design of this system is that many industrial chains which are not conducive to the protection of wild animals nor to their utilization are seriously violated by the principle of sustainable development. On the other hand, the two countries, the United States and Japan, are designed to realize the interests of the people in wildlife, to activate the linkage between related industries, and to promote the integration of the industrial chain as the basis of the system design. It has greatly promoted the development of wildlife protection in our country, and people can also fully enjoy the benefits brought by wild animals while the wildlife has been restored. After analyzing the relevant laws of the United States and Japan on the protection and utilization of wild animals, this paper summarizes the regulations of the two countries to promote the development of their own industries. In contrast, in the history of our country, there is a tradition of taking into account the protection and utilization of wild animals. Drawing lessons from the institutional design of the United States and Japan, it will be beneficial to the protection and utilization of wild animals in China to achieve a sound development. Therefore, the way out for the protection and utilization of wildlife in our country lies in rearranging the legislative purpose of wildlife in order to realize that the human society can equally enjoy the benefits brought by wild animals as the starting point and goal of the system design. Based on the law of the market to build and improve the relevant mechanisms, the implementation of the law on the solution of scarcity. It focuses on the perfection of the system of rating the degree of endangered species, the incentive system of industry, the system of disclosure of government information and the system of punishment, and gradually establishes an industrial game mechanism aiming at maximizing human interests.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.68

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